Developing Grade 10 Physical sciences scientific language register for teaching electricity

Abstract

The South African constitution recognizes twelve official languages, yet only two are utilized for teaching physical sciences, posing a significant concern for our education system's inclusivity. In the Vhembe West district, learners from Tshivenda and Xitsonga backgrounds are taught physical sciences in English, perpetuating inequality in a supposedly democratic system, where only English and Afrikaans are privileged as mediums of instruction for this subject. Physical sciences learners in grade 10 in the Vhembe West district are performing poorly in the subject due to the challenge of language proficiency utilised in the classroom. More learners especially in rural areas are exposed to English in the school environment, which influence their results in the subject negatively. The South African government is embarking on a significant transformation aimed at promoting indigenous languages as the primary medium of instruction, particularly in subjects like physical sciences. This study endeavours to create a scientific language register in Tshivenda, focusing on grade 10 electricity concept, to address the dearth of scientific resources in indigenous languages and to support the government's initiative. Employing a qualitative interpretative case study methodology, the research involves three teachers, parents, and learners from selected schools, seeking answers to several key questions. The findings reveal the absence of scientific terminology in Tshivenda, posing a challenge in the development of the register. However, the application of the Tshivenda scientific register in classrooms fosters interactive and meaningful learning experiences, as perceived by stakeholders. Thus, the study recommends expanding the development of scientific language registers in Tshivenda to encompass other topics in physical sciences.

Ndayotewa ya Afurika Tshipembe i dzhiela nzhele nyambo dza fumimbili sa dzone nyambo dza tshiofisi. Kha idzi nyambo, ndi mbili fhedzi dzine no shumiswa kha u funza na u guda saintsi i no vhonala. Izwi zwi ḓisa nḓaḓo kha pfunzo yashu, sa musi vha ambi vha nyambo dza tshirema vha sa ṋewi tshikhala tsha u guda nga nyambo dzavho dza ḓamuni. Vhana vha no bva tshitirikini tsha Vhembe West vha shumisa luambo lwa Tshivenḓa na Xitsonga sa nyambo dzavho dza ḓamuni, fhedzi vhaguda saintsi i no vhonala nga luiisimane. Izwi zwi ita uri hu sa vhe na ndinganelo kha muvhuso washu wa dimokirasi sa musi luiisimane na tshivhuru dzi dzone nyambo dzi no shumiswa kha u guda na u funza saintsi i no vhonala. Muvhuso wa Afurika Tshipembe u khou ḓisa tshanduko khulwanesa, tshanduko ya u takulela ntha nyambo dza tshirema sa nyambo dza u guda na u funza thero dzi ngaho saintsi i no vhonala. Tshipikwa tsha idzi ngudo ndi u bveledza redzhisitara ya tshisaintsi nga Tshivenḓa kha u guda saintsi i no vhonala ho sedzwa tshipiḓa tsha muḓagasi. Tshivenḓa sa luambo lu sa athu u vha na nyaluwo ya zwishumiswa zwa saintsi, mveledziso iyi ya redzhisitara ya tshisaintsi i do thusa u engedzea zwishumiswa zwa saintsi nga Tshivenḓa na u tikedza ḽikumedzwa ḽa muvhuso. Ngundo iyi a si ya mbalo, vhadededzi vhararu, vhabebi na vhagudiswa u bva kha zwikolo zwiraru zwo nangwaho vho vha tshipiḓa tsha ngudo idzi. Hu na ndavhelelo ya u fhindula mbudziso dzi tevhelaho dza ngudo idzi: Mveledziso na kumisele kwa ridzhisitara ya tshisaintsi nga Tshivenḓa kha tshipiḓa tsha muḓagasi yo bveledziswa hani? Kuvhonele kwa avho vha no khou kwamea nga mveledziso ya redzhisitara ya tshisaintsi nga Tshivenda ku ri mini? Khaedu dze ha tanganwa nadzo kha mveledziso ya redzhisitara ya tshisaintsi nga Tshivenḓa ndi dzifhio? Ndi zwifhio zwikhala zwo bvelelaho kha mveledziso ya redzhisitara ya saintsi nga Tshivenḓa? Kushumisele kwa redzhisitara ya saintsi nga Tshivenḓa ku vhumba hani u guda ha mathakheni? Nyambedzano, u lavhelesa na dayari zwo shumiswa u kuvhanganya mawanwa u bva kha vhadededzi, vhagudi na Mawanwa a ngudo iyi a bvisela khagala uri hu kha ḓi vha na thahelelo ya maipfi a saintsi nga Tshivenḓa; izwi zwo vhonala musi mutoḓulusi a tshi tangana na khaudu a kha lwendo lwa u bveledzisa redzhisitara. Naho zwo ralo, zwo bviselwa khagala uri u shumiswa ha redzhisitara ya Tshivenḓa kha u funza saintsi zwi tutuwedza vhudavhidzani kilasini, zwine zwi ita uri hu vhe na u guda ha mathakheni. Avho vho vhaho tshipiḓa tsha ngudo idzi na vhone vho bvisela vhuḓipfi havho vha tshi khou tikedza muhumbulo uyu sa izwi vha tshi khou vhona u tshi ḓo thusa kha u khwinisa kushumele kwa vhagudiswa. Ngudo iyi i themendela mveledziso ya redzhisitara ya tshisaintsi nga Tshivenḓa kha zwiṅwe zwipiḓa zwa saintsi i no vhonala.

Molaotheo wa Afrika Borwa o amogela maleme a lesome pedi a aleng molaong. Ka gare ga a a lesome Pedi, a mabedi a gona a shumiswa sa molao ge go etla tja thuto ya mahlale a mmele. Seo se tlisha tshwenyego e kgolo go lenanego la thuto, sa kudu go rena ba go bolela polelo ya se Afurika ka go fapana. Mo Vhembe West district barutwana ba bantsi ba bolela leleme la Tshivenḓa le Xitsonga, efela ba rutiwa mahale a mmele ka leleme la seisimane. Seo se tlisha go se lekane wa temokirasi ka ge go somiswa seisimane la seburu fela bjalo ka maleme a go ithuta lego ruta mahlale ammele. Afurika borwa e a fetoga, e fetogela go tsea maleme a segagaborena a tsebagatsa sa maleme a thuto go dithero tsa go swana le mahlale a mmele. Thuto ye ikemiseditse go tsweletsa mahlale ya mahlale a mmele e lebeletse kudu mehlagase. Tshivenḓa bjalo ka polelo yeo e sa hlabollwago gabotse go ya ka didiriswa tsa mahlale, tsweletso ya retsisetara ye ya mahlale e tla thusa go oketsa didiriswa le go thekga maitapishi a mmusho. Thuto ye e somisitse nyakishisho ya mohlala ya thlathollo ya boleng. barutwana, batswadi le barutishi gotswa go dikolo tse tharo tse di tlabeng di kgethilwe. Go tlabe go nyakiwa go arabiwa diputsisho tsa dinyakishisho tse di latelwago; tlhabollo le tiriso ya retsesetara ya polelo ya mahlale ya Tshivenḓa bakeng sa dikgopolo tsa mohlagase e hlamilwe bjang? Ke ditemogo dife tsa bakgathatema tlhabollong ya retsisetara ya polelo ya mahlale ya Tshivenḓa bakeng sa dikgopolo tsa mothlakase? ke mathata mafeng a go kopanweng le ona ge go lekwa go godishwa le go tsebatswa retsisetara ya mahlale ya Tshivenḓa? ke tse difeng di kgonagalo goba menyetla yeo e ka bang gona go tsweletswa ya retsisitara ya mahlale ya Tshivenḓa? Tiriso ya retsisetara ya mahlale ya tshivenda e bopa bjang thuto ye e nago le mohola? Diputsiso tsa dinyakisisho, dipono le tayari di ile tsa shumiswa go kgobokanya bohlatse bja dinyakishisho gotswa go barutwana, barutishi la batswadi. Go hweditse gore Tshivenḓa se sa nyaka gore go be le mantsu a sego gona mahlale. Seo sa dira gore ebe go thatafa ga gore go kwa rutwa dithuto tsa retsisetara ya mahlale ka Tshivenḓa. efela go hwetse gore go tirisho ya retsisetara ya mahlali Tshivenḓa go tokafetsa thuto ya barutwana. Go fela fao, tirisho ya retsisetara ya mahlale ya Tshivenḓa bjalo ka maitapiso a magolo ao a tlaga tokafatsa thuto tsa barutwana. Ka fao, nyakishisho ye e sisinya tlhabollo ya retsisetara ya polelo ya mahlale a mmele ka Tshivenḓa, go lebe; etswe kudu diglogo tse dingwe.