A dynamic exploration of the offenders convicted of violent crimes serving long-term sentences in the Windhoek correctional facility, maximum security unit

Abstract

Violent crime is a significant concern in Namibia, affecting various aspects of society. Addressing this issue remains a priority for all stakeholders. Understanding the identity and motives of perpetrators remains crucial. This in-depth qualitative study investigated these issues by exploring the perpetrators’ perceptions of their experiences and relationships and how these shaped their behaviour, personalities, and identities. The perspectives of their significant others and their Case Management Officer were also explored, and their case files were reviewed. A small sample of ten offenders serving long-term sentences at the Windhoek Correctional Facility was selected through purposive sampling. The bioecological model was utilised as a theoretical framework for this study. The aim was to clearly describe offenders' identities to enhance understanding of individuals who commit violent crimes in Namibia. Ethical clearance from the University of South Africa and permission from the Ministry of Safety and Security were obtained. Informed consent was obtained from the participants before embarking on the study. Ethical standards were prioritised to safeguard the confidentiality of participants, and strict adherence to conduct rules was maintained throughout visits to the correctional facility. A semi-structured interview guide, adapted from the South African Sex Offender Questionnaire (SAPDSOQ), exploring the participants’ past and present experiences, relationships, attitudes, values, and perceptions, was utilised during the semi-structured questionnaires. Thematic analysis was conducted using ATLAS.ti: 8, a specialised software for qualitative data analysis. Six themes were extracted, covering personality, character, relationships, lifestyle, health, socioeconomic and criminal profile. The final six identity types identified are Emotionally Dysregulated, Misogynistic, Criminal, Victim Identity, Substance-abusing, and Low Socioeconomic Identity. The findings indicate the significance of the participants’ history, the impact of poverty, fatherlessness, and the lack of insight regarding mental health and alcohol abuse. The need for community and early intervention in addressing criminality was highlighted. Clinical psychology is underrepresented in Namibia, particularly in the criminal justice sector, and minimal research has been conducted. Thus, this study adds to the body of knowledge. The insights generated benefit the Safety and Security, Health and Social Services, and Justice ministries. It also helps professionals like social workers and psychologists working with offenders