Factors influencing secondary school teachers’ behavioural intentions to accept the use of WhatsApp for emergency remote teaching in Mopani District Limpopo Province

Abstract

Using WhatsApp for emergency remote teaching has proven to be effective in emergency remote teaching pandemic. However, some teachers are hesitant to accept and use WhatsApp for emergency remote teaching for reasons arising from various factors. This study extended and applied the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 to investigate the factors influencing secondary school teachers’ behavioural intention to accept and use WhatsApp for emergency remote teaching in the Namakgale Circuit in the Limpopo province of South Africa. Understanding the factors that influence teachers’ behavioural intention to accept and use WhatsApp for emergency remote teaching is key to successful implementation of emergency remote teaching using WhatsApp. Data were collected quantitively using an online anonymous questionnaire from a convenient sample of 215 teachers from seven secondary schools in the Namakgale Circuit. Descriptive statistics using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 28 and covariance-based structural equation modelling using Analysis of Moment Structures version 28 were employed to analyse the data. The results revealed that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, hedonic motivation, teaching value, habit and self-efficacy significantly influence behavioural intention to accept and use WhatsApp for emergency remote teaching, while attitude towards use and personal innovativeness do not significantly influence behavioural intention to accept and use WhatsApp for emergency remote teaching. Surprisingly, habit was the best factor predicting behavioural intention to accept and use WhatsApp for emergency remote teaching. It is recommended that schools and the Department of Basic Education strengthen the factors that influence teachers’ behavioural intentions to accept and use WhatsApp for emergency remote teaching and ensure that they are met to enhance teachers’ acceptance and use of WhatsApp for emergency remote teaching.

Ku tirhisa WhatsApp eka madyondziselo ya le kule ya xihatla swi kombisile ku va leswi pfunaka eka ku tiyisisa ku ya emahlweni ka dyondzo hi nkarhi wa ku pfariwa ka swikolo hikwalaho ka ntungu wa COVID-19. Hambiswiritano, vadyondzisi van'wana va kanakana ku amukela na ku tirhisa WhatsApp eka madyondziselo ya le kule ya xihatla hi swivangelo leswi tumbulukaka ku suka eka timhaka to hambanahambana. Dyondzo leyi yi engeterile/lehisile na ku tirhisa Unified Theory of Acceptance na ku Tirhisa Technology 2 ku lavisisa timhaka leti kucetelaka xikongomelo xa mahanyelo ya vadyondzisi va xikolo xa sekondari xo amukela na ku tirhisa WhatsApp eka madyondziselo ya le kule ya xihatla eka Sekhete ya Namakgale eka xifundzakulu xa Limpopo eAfrika Dzonga. Ku twisisa timhaka leti kucetelaka xikongomelo xa mahanyelo ya vadyondzisi xo amukela na ku tirhisa WhatsApp eka madyondziselo ya le kule ya xihatla i swa nkoka eka ku simekiwa hi ndlela yo humelela madyondziselo ya le kule ya xihatla hi ku tirhisa WhatsApp. Datara yi hlengeletiwile hi ndlela ya nhlayo hi ku tirhisa nongonoko wa swivutiso swa online leswi nga tivekeku ku suka eka sampulu leyi olovaka ya 215 wa vadyondzisi vo huma eka swikolo swa kombo swa sekondari eka Sekhete ya Namakgale. Tihlayonhlayo leti hlamuselaka hi ku tirhisa Phakeji ya Tinhlayonhlayo ta Sayense ya Vanhu ya vhexini ya 28 na maendlelo yo hambanahambana lama kongomisaka eka ku pima ku hambana hi ku tirhisa Nxopaxopo wa Swivumbeko swa Nkarhi vhexini ya 28 swi tirhisiwile ku xopaxopa datara.Mbuyelo wu humeserile erivaleni leswaku ku languteriwa ka matirhelo, ku languteriwa ka matshalatshala, nkucetelo wa vanhu, swiyimo swo olovisa, nsusumeto wo enerisa, nkoka wo dyondzisa, ntolovelo na vutitshembhi swi kucetela hi ndlela ya nkoka xikongomelo xa mahanyelo yo amukela na ku tirhisa WhatsApp eka madyondziselo ya le kule ya xihatla , loko mavonelo ehenhla ka ku tirhisa vutumbuluxi bya munhu hi yexe ya nga kuceteli xikongomelo xa mahanyelo yo amukela na ku tirhisa WhatsApp eka madyondziselo ya le kule ya xihatla. Xo hlamarisa, ntolovelo a ku ri yona mhaka leyi vhumbheke xikongomelo xa mahanyelo yo amukela na ku tirhisa WhatsApp eka madyondziselo ya le kule ya xihatla. Swa bumabumeriwa leswaku swikolo na Ndzawulo ya Dyondzo ya le Hansi swi tiyisisa timhaka leti kucetelaka xikongomelo xa mahanyelo ya vadyondzisi yo amukela ku tirhisa WhatsApp eka madyondziselo ya le kule ya xihatla na ku tiyisisa leswaku swa fikeleriwa ku tlakusa ku amukela ka vadyondzisi na ku tirhisa WhatsApp eka madyondziselo ya le kule ya xihatla.

Go somisa WhatsApp go thuto ya rimoute ya tshoganetso go ipontshitse gore go soma gabotse go kgonthisa tswelopele ya thuto nakong ya go tswalelwa ga dikolo ka lebaka la leuba la COVID-19. Le ge go le bjalo, barutisi ba bangwe ba sa dikadika go amogela le go somisa WhatsApp go phethagatsa thuto ya rimoute ya tshoganetso ka mabaka a go fapafapana. Nyakisiso ye e okeditse le go somisa Teori ye e Kopantswego ya Kamogelo le Tshomiso ya Theknolotsi 2 go nyakisisa mabaka ao a huetsago maikemisetso a boitshwaro bja barutisi ba dikolo tsa sekontari a go amogela le go somisa WhatsApp go phethagatsa thuto ya rimoute ya tshoganetso ka Tikologong ya Namakgale ka profentsheng ya Limpopo ka Afrika Borwa. Go kwesisa mabaka ao a huetsago maikemisetso a boitshwaro bja barutisi a go amogela le go somisa WhatsApp go phethagatsa thuto ya rimoute ya tshoganetso go bohlokwa go phethagatso ye e atlegilego ya thuto ya rimoute ya tshoganetso ka go somisa WhatsApp. Datha e kgobokeditswe ka mokgwa wa khwanthithethifi ka go somisa lenaneopotsiso la inthanete leo le se nago leina go tswa go sampole ye lego maleba ya barutisi ba 215 go tswa dikolong tse supa tsa sekontari ka Tikologong ya Namakgale. Dipalopalo tse di hlalosago ka go somisa mohuta wa 28 wa Phaketse ya Dipalopalo ya Disaense tsa Leago le go dira mmotlolo wa tekano ya sebopego woo o theilwego godimo ga kamano ka go somisa mohuta wa 28 wa Tshekatsheko ya Dibopego tsa Potlako di somisitswe go sekaseka datha. Dipoelo di utulotse gore tetelo ya mosomo, tetelo ya maitapiso, khuetso ya leago, maemo a kgonagatso, tlhohleletso ya lethabo, boleng bja go ruta, setlwaedi le boitshepho di huetsa kudu maikemisetso a boitshwaro a go amogela le go somisa WhatsApp go phethagatsa thuto ya rimoute ya tshoganetso, mola maikutlo a go somisa le boitlhamelo bja motho ka nosi ga a huetse kudu maikemisetso a boitshwaro a go amogela le go somisa WhatsApp go phethagatsa thuto ya rimoute ya tshoganetso. Se se makatsago, setlwaedi e be e le selo se sebotse kudu seo se bonelagopele maikemisetso a boitshwaro a go amogela le go somisa WhatsApp go phethagatsa thuto ya rimoute ya tshoganetso. Go sisinywa gore dikolo le Kgoro ya Thuto ya Motheo di matlafatse mabaka ao a huetsago maikemisetso a boitshwaro bja barutisi a go amogela le go somisa WhatsApp go phethagatsa thuto ya rimoute ya tshoganetso le go kgonthisa gore a fihlelelwa go godisa kamogelo ya barutisi le tshomiso ya WhatsApp go phethagatsa thuto ya rimoute ya tshoganetso.