Salutogenese in organisatoriese konteks

Abstract

Salutogenese is 'n nuwe denkrigting wat die ouer patogeniese paradigma vervang. Daarvolgens word stres nie noodwendig in werkverband of in die mens se lewe as negatief gesien nie, maar as optimaliseringsmoontlikheid ten einde positiewe stres- en coping-uitkomstes te bewerkstellig. Hierdie navorsing het ten doel die ondersoek na die verband tussen Salutogenese en Werkorientasie as optimaliseringskonstrukte. Salutogenese is ondersoek deur onder andere te fokus op o Sin vir Koherensie o Persoonlikheidsgehardheid o Aangeleerde Vindingrykheid. Werkorientasie is ondersoek deur onder andere te fokus op o Organisasieverbintenis o Werkbetrokkenheid o Werkbevrediging. In die merra~uurron~dlerrsoelk is 'n persoonlikheidsprofiel van die optimaal-funksionerende mens saamgestel uit die eienskappe van die Salutogeniese mens en die optimaalfunksionerende werknemer, volgens intrapersoonlike (kognitiewe, affektiewe, konatiewe en fisiese) en interpersoonlike eienskappe. In die empirriese cmdlerrsoelk is 'n battery bestaande uit meetinstrumente van die konsepte, na studente uitgestuur. Die steekproef (N = 934) is in twee groepe verdeel, te wete Blankes en Ander, ten einde betekenisvolle resultate te verkry. Die battery is gefaktoranaliseer, alfa-koeffisiente is bepaal en items is geselekteer waarop die resultate gebaseer is: Produkmomentkorrelasies tussen die konsepte is vir elke groep bepaal, asook beduidende verskille tussen groepe. LISREL-ontledings is gedoen ten einde die konseptualisering van die twee konstrukte te bepaal. Uit die empiriese bevindings blyk dit dat die verskillende konsepte onderling verband hou en die konstrukte verteenwoordig. Hieruit kon 'n profiel van die Salutogeniese mens en die optimaal-funksionerende werknemer volgens intra- en interpersoonlike eienskappe opgestel word. Die verband wat die LISREL-ontledings tussen die twee konstrukte bevind het, het die integrering daarvan tot persoonlikheidsprofiel van die optimaal-funksionerende mens, bevestig. Laastens is die empiriese bevindings met die literatuurprofiel ge"integreer en daar is bevind dat daar grootliks ooreenstemming tussen die literatuur en die empiriese bevindings bestaan. Met die navorsing is bevind dat Salutogenese en Werkorientasie as twee afsonderlike konstrukte bestaansreg het, maar dat dit wei oak beduidend verband met mekaar hou. Met die integrering van die literatuur en die empiriese bevindings, is daar tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat die verband tussen die twee konstrukte optimalisering simboliseer. Dit figureer as intra- en interpersoonlike eienskappe by die optimaal-funksionerende mens.

Salutogenesis is a new approach which replaces the old pathogenic paradigm. In terms of this approach, stress need not necessarily be viewed negatively in the workplace or in the private lives of man, but as an opportunity for optimisation which can lead to positive outcomes regarding stress and coping. The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between Salutogenesis and Work Orientation as two constructs of optimisation. Salutogenesis was investigated by focusing on: o Sense of Coherence o Hardiness o Learned Resourcefulness. Work Orientation was investigated by focusing on: o Organisational Commitment o Job Involvement o Job Satisfaction. In the literature survey, the personality profile of the optimally functioning person was compiled, using the integration of the personality profile of the Salutogenic person with the personality orientation profile of the optimally functioning worker. This was done according to intrapersonal {cognitive, affective, conative and physical) and interpersonal characteristics. In the empirical investigation a battery of questionnaires dealing with the various concepts was mailed to students. The sample {N=934) was divided into two groups, namely Whites and Others, in order to obtain meaningful results. The battery was subjected to factor-analysis and coefficient alpha was calculated in order to select items on which the results could be based. Product-moment correlations for each group were calculated for the various concepts and significant differences were determined. LISREL-analyses were performed to conceptualise the two constructs. The empirical findings indicate that the different concepts which constitute the two different constructs are interrelated. The relationship between the two constructs was confirmed by a LISREL-analysis, thus validating the integration of the two constructs into a personality profile of the optimally functioning person according to intra- and interpersonal characteristics. The empirical constructs could finally be integrated with the literature profile. The research established that Salutogenesis and Work Orientation should be regarded as independent, yet related constructs. The integration of the literature and the empirical findings suggests that both constructs symbolise optimisation and manifest as intra- and interpersonal characteristics of the optimally functioning person.