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Studies of the impact of mycoflora associated with oryza sativa (rice) in South Africa

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dc.contributor.advisor Modise, D.M. (Prof.)
dc.contributor.advisor Rong, I.H. (Dr.)
dc.contributor.author Hossain, Mohammed Tufazzal
dc.date.accessioned 2014-03-17T10:26:59Z
dc.date.available 2014-03-17T10:26:59Z
dc.date.issued 2014-03-17
dc.identifier.citation Hossain, Mohammed Tufazzal (2014) Studies of the impact of mycoflora associated with oryza sativa (rice) in South Africa, University of South Africa, Pretoria, <http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13266> en
dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13266
dc.description.abstract The objective of this research was to investigate the occurrence of mycoflora in rice plants and rice seeds in South Africa and their negative impact. A total of six species of Fusarium were isolated from diseased rice plants and rice seeds and identified as F. anthophilum, F. chlamydosporum, F. compactum, F. equiseti, F. fujikuroi and F. semitectum. In the translation elongation factor data set, Fusarium equiseti isolates grouped together within the F. incarnatum - equiseti Species Complex (FIESC). The isolates from rice clustered together in a single clade with the F. equiseti and F. incarnatum isolates forming two separate sub-clades.The isolates of F. equiseti present a new phylogenetically distinct species in FIESC. In the pathogenicity tests, isolates of both F. anthophilum and F. fujikuroi caused bakanae disease to rice plants. Fifty four rice cultivars and lines were tested by the standardized test tube inoculation method for resistance and susceptibility against bakanae isolate of F. anthophilum and the bakanae isolate of F. fujikuroi. None of the rice cultivars and lines was found to be resistant to bakanae isolates of Fusarium spp. The fungicide, benomyl was found to be most effective as a seed treatment for controlling bakanae disease of rice due to isolates of both F. anthophilum and F. fujikuroi. Thiram was found to be the least effective fungicide for controlling bakanae disease of rice caused by isolates of both the Fusarium spp. Apart from Fusarium species, other fungi that were also isolated from diseased rice plants and rice seeds were identified as Alternaria alternata, Alternaria longipes, Cochliobolus miyabeanus, Nigrospora sphaerica, Phoma eupyrena, Phoma jolyana, Phoma sorghina and Pithomyces sp. In mycotoxin tests, the isolates of both F. anthophilum and F. fujikuroi produced moniliformin. None of the isolates of F. anthophilum and F. fujikuroi produced fumonisins. This research is important as it identifies many fungal species in rice plants and seeds in South Africa for the first time. Currently, there is very little literature that makes reference to such findings under South African conditions. In addition, this investigation unravels previously unknown information on the resistance of rice to bakanese disease. Finally, information is provided on the effectiveness of commonly used fungicides (benomyl and thiram) to control rice diseases. This knowledge is crucial information that is useful to plant pathologists, the farming community and the scientists that are involved in strategies of fighting or reducing rice diseases so as to help contribute to food security. en
dc.format.extent 1 online resource (xix, 208 leaves)
dc.language.iso en en
dc.subject Mycoflora en
dc.subject Oryza sativa en
dc.subject Fusarium species en
dc.subject Fungi en
dc.subject Translation elongation factor (TEF) en
dc.subject Pathogenicity en
dc.subject Disease control en
dc.subject Mycotoxins en
dc.subject Impact en
dc.subject.ddc 633.1893
dc.subject.lcsh Rice -- Diseases and pests -- South Africa
dc.subject.lcsh Rice -- Disease and pest resistance -- South Africa
dc.subject.lcsh Mycotoxins -- South Africa
dc.subject.lcsh Fungicides -- South Africa
dc.title Studies of the impact of mycoflora associated with oryza sativa (rice) in South Africa en
dc.type Thesis en
dc.description.department Environmental Sciences en
dc.description.degree D. Phil. (Environmental Science)


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