Marito mo vutisa eka Xitsonga

Abstract

Marito mo vutisa ma kongomisa eka loko ku vutisiwa nhlokomhaka mhaka yo karhi exivulweni. Riendli ri ri roxe a ri swi koti ku vutisa nhlokomhaka mhaka yo karhi kambe ri kota ku hi byela swokarhi leswi humelelaka exivulweni. Hikokwalaho ka leswi, maendli ma boheka ku tirha swin’we na marito mo vutisa exivulweni mo tanihi hikokwalahokayini, kwihi, rini, mani, njhani, yini leswaku ma kota ku vutisa nhlokomhaka swokarhi exivulweni. Ndzavisiso lowu wu langutanile na swikongomelotsongo swinharhu, ku nga mhaka ya swipimelo swo hlawula marito hi xikongomelo xo kumisisa swihluvi swa mbulavulo leswi tirhaka na marito mo vutisa lama lavisisiweke. Mhaka ya vumbirhi yi langutanile na vulongoloxamarito bya marito mo vutisa laha ku nga langutiwa hilaha marito mo vutisa ma longolokaka hakona eswivulweni. Mhaka yo hetelela leyi khumbiwaka eka ndzavisiso lowu i ya tinxaka ta michumu leyi nga tirhaka tanihi tinhlokomhaka na swiendliwa swa marito mo vutisa eka Xitsonga. Ndzavisiso lowu wu endliwile hi ku landza matirhelo ma thiyori ya lexical semantics. Mhakakulu leyi thiyori leyi yi kongomaneke na yona i rito ku nga ri xivulwa. Ndzavisiso lowu i wa xivumbeko xa nkoka hikuva wu kongomisa eka tinhlamuselo leti kumekaka loko marito mo vutisa ma tirha eka swivulwa swa Xitsonga. Switiviwa swa ndzavisiso lowu swi hlengeletiwile hi ku tirhisa endlelo ra khopasi. Hi ku tirhisa endlelo leri, ku tsavuriwile swivulwa leswi eka swona ku tirheke marito mo vutisa kusuka eka matsalwa ma Xitsonga ma vutlhokovetseri na mitlango. Mbuyelo wa ndzavisiso lowu wu kombisa leswaku marito mo vutisa ma na nkoka swinene eka ku paluxa tinhlamuselo na le ka matirhelo ma mona. Ndzavisiso wu kumile leswaku loko swi ta eka swipimelo swo hlawula marito, marito mo vutisa ma tirhile na swihluvi swo hambanahambana swa mbulavulo, ngopfungopfu swivulwahava swa maendli na maviti. Hi ku langutisa vulongoloxamarito bya marito mo vutisa, hi kumile leswaku marito mo vutisa eka Xitsonga ma swi kota ku kumeka emasungulweni, exikarhi na le makumu ka swivulwa. Xohetelela, hi kumile leswaku michumu yo hanya na leyi nga hanyiki yi tirhisiwa hi marito mo vutisa tanihi tinhlokomhaka na swiendliwa eswivulweni

Interrogative words in question formation focus on eliciting specific information within a sentence. A verb alone cannot pose a question about a particular subject; rather, it describes events or actions occurring within a sentence. Therefore, interrogative words must work together with question words like why, where, when, who, how, and what to query specific information within a sentence. The study focuses on three specific objectives. The first objective deals with lexical restrictions on word choice. Here, the goal is to identify the speech complements that co-occur with the interrogative words being investigated. The second aspect explores the syntax of interrogative words. This involves examining the positioning of interrogative words within the sentence. The final objective investigates the types of phrases that can function as subjects or objects of interrogative words in Xitsonga. This study is conducted based on the principles of lexical semantics. The central focus of this theory is the word, not the sentence. This study is significant because it provides descriptions of how interrogative words function in Xitsonga sentences. The data for this research were collected using a corpus-based approach. Using this method, sentences in which interrogative words were employed were extracted from Xitsonga poetry and drama books. The results of this study demonstrate that interrogative words are crucial for uncovering meanings and constructing meaningful utterances. The research finds that, in terms of lexical restrictions, interrogative words are used with a variety of speech complements, especially in subject(less) clauses and nominal constructions. Regarding the syntax of interrogative words, it is found that interrogative words in Xitsonga can appear at the beginning, middle, or end of sentences. Lastly, it is found that both animate and inanimate entities are used as subjects and objects in sentences with interrogative words.