Physiology, yield, and nutritional contribution of Indian Hemp (Cannabis sativa L) grown under different fertilizer types and environment

Abstract

The first three Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 1, 2 and 3) set by the United Nations focus on ending poverty, promoting good agriculture to eradicate malnutrition, and ensuring good health and well-being, respectively. Humans have traditionally used Cannabis sativa L. for a variety of uses, including medicine and as a raw ingredient for goods with added value including drinks, cakes, cookies, and oil. In 2020, the Constitutional Court of South Africa ruled that laws prohibiting cultivation and consumption of Cannabis in private were unconstitutional. In addition, the South African government suggested that the country's Cannabis production, including its cultivation, processing, and commercialization, could provide billions in revenue annually, and could lead to about 10 000 to 25 000 employment opportunities in the industry. The legalisation of Cannabis has generated interest in Cannabis farming, which has associated challenges regarding the production of high-quality plant material because currently there is insufficient scientifically validated cultivation protocols, particularly in respect to the South African climate. Thus, the goals of the study were to find out how different fertilizer types and growing conditions (in the open or under shade netting) affected the yield and biochemical components of Cannabis sativa L. in order to help growers produce high-quality Cannabis sativa crops for commercialisation. Fresh and freeze-dried plant Cannabis bud samples were used to measure yield and biochemical constituents. Treatment combinations of plant growth under shade netting and the addition of chemical fertilizer resulted in superior Cannabis bud water content (40.2 g) and total phenols (14.7 GAE/100 g DW) compared to other treatments. Therefore, growers should consider the shade netting and chemical fertilizer combination for yield and quality maximisation

Maikemisetso a Mokgatlo wa Dinagakopano tsa Lefase go Leano la Tlhabollo la go ya go ile (SDG 1, 2 le 3) ke go fedisa bodidi, phepompe le go kaonafatsa tsa maphelo le boiketlo. Go tloga kgale batho ba somisa Cannabis sativa L. (Patse) bjalo ka sehlare, go dira dino, dikhekhe, dikuku le makhura. Ka 2020 Kgorotsheko ya Molaotheo ya Afrika Borwa e file kahlolo ya gore ga go molaong go thibela tshomiso ya phoraebete ya cannabis. Go tlaleletsa se, mmuso wa Afrika Borwa o laeditse gore go tsweletsa Cannabis ka nageng, go akaretswa go e bjala, tshomiso le thekiso ya yona go ka tsentsha letseno la dibilione ngwaga ka ngwaga, gomme se se ka hlola mesomo ye e balelwago go 10 000 go fihla go 25 000 ka intastering. Se se hlotse kgahlego ye kgolo go bolemi le tsweletso ya Cannabis. Nyakisiso ye e utullotse gore go hloka mokgwa wo o netefaditswego wa saense wa go bjala Cannabis go amile khwalithi ya dibjalo tseo di tsweleditswego ka lebaka la maemo a boso ka Afrika Borwa. Maikemisetso a nyakisiso ke go sekaseka ka moo mehuta ye e fapanego ya menontsha e ka somiswago le dikarolwana tsa payokhemikhale go Cannabis sativa mafelong a go fapana (mo go nago le nete le mo go se nago nete), go thusa balemi go tsweletsa dibjalwa tsa Cannabis sativa tsa khwalithi ya godimo tseo di ka rekiswago. Nyakisiso e somisitse disampole tse di omisitswego le tse tala go lekanyetsa puno le dikarolwana tsa payokhemikhale. Dikutullo tsa nyakisiso di laeditse gore mo go somisitswego nete le monontsha wa dikhemikhale go hlogile mahlogedi a go ba le monola kudu (40.2g) le difenolo (14.7 GAE/100g DW) ge di bapetswa le mekgwa ye mengwe. Ka gona, nyakisiso e fa tshisinyo ya gore balemi ba somise nete le monontsha wa dikhemikhale go tsweletsa dibjalo tsa khwalithi ka bontsi

Ku hava vusweti, ku herisiwa ka ku pfumaleka ka swakudya, rihanyu lerinene na vuhlayiseki i swin'wana swa swikongomelokulu leswi vekiweke hi Nhlangano wa Matiko hi ku tirhisa Swikongomelo swa wona swa Nhluvukiso wa Nkarhi Woleha (SDG 1, 2 na 3). Vanhu hi ndzhavuko a va tirhisa Cannabis sativa L. eka mitirhiso yo hambanahambana, ku katsa tanihi murhi na tanihi xichelana ximbisi eka nhundzu leyi nga na nkoka lowu engetelekeke ku katsa swo nwa, makhekhe, makukisi, na oyili. Hi 2020, Khoto ya Vumbiwa yi bohile leswaku milawu leyi yirisaka ku byala na ku tirhisiwa ka khanabisi exihundleni a yi lwisana na vumbiwa. Hi ku tlhandlekela, mfumo wa Afrika Dzonga wu tlhele wu kumbetela leswaku vuhumelerisi bya khanabisi bya tiko , ku katsa ku byariwa ka yona, ku purosesiwa, na ku xavisiwa swi nga nyika mabiliyoni ya mali leyi nghenaka lembe na lembe, naswona swi nga yisa eka kwolomu ka swivandlanene swa mitirho yo ringana 10 000 ku ya fika eka 25 000 eka vumaki. Leswi swi endlile leswaku ku va na ku tsakela swinene eka ku rima khanabisi, leswi vangeke mitlhontlho eka ku humesa matheriyali ya xiyimo xa le henhla ya swimilana hikuva sweswi ku hava milawu yo byala leyi ringaneleke leyi tiyisisiweke hi sayense, ngopfungopfu ehansi ka tlimeti ya Afrika Dzonga. Hikwalaho, xikongomelo xa dyondzo a ku ri ku lavisisa mbuyelo lowu hlanganisiweke wa tinxaka to hambana ta manyoro, swiphemu swa bayokhemikali swa khanabisi sativa ehansi ka tindhawu to hambanahambana to byala (nete ya ndzhuti na ndhawu leyi pfulekeke), leswaku nxopanxopo wo fananisa wu ta kota ku endliwa ku pfuna vabyari ku humesa swimila swa xiyimo xa le henhla swa Khanabisi sativa hi xikongomelo xo xavisa. Tisampulu ta furexe na leti omisiweke hi ku firiziwa ti tirhisiwile ku pima mbuyelo xikan'we na swiphemu swa bayokhemikali. Nhlanganiso wa maendlelo ya nete wa ndzhuti na manyoro lama nga na tikhemikali wu endlile leswaku ku va na mati ya le henhla ya ximila (40.2g) na nhlayo ya tifenolo (14.7 GAE/100g DW) loko ku fananisiwa na maendlelo man'wana. Hikwalaho, vabyari va fanele va tekela enhlokweni nhlangano wo endla ndzhuti/wo sirhelela na manyoro ya khemikali ku kuma mbuyelo na ku kurisa khwaliti