This study aimed to develop strategies to improve contraceptive use among women and young girls attending postnatal care at selected hospitals and clinics in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. An explanatory sequential mixed research design was employed, and data were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire for women and young girls attending postnatal care during the study period. In addition, interviews were conducted with women, young girls, and health professionals.
In the quantitative part of the research, 375 women and 125 young girls (a total of 400) participated in the study. In contrast, 30 participants (women, young girls, and health professionals) participated in the qualitative interviews. The quantitative data were analysed using SPSS version 28 computer software, and the qualitative data were categorised, coded, and analysed using ATLAS.ti version 9 computer software. The University of South Africa College of Human Sciences Research Ethics Committee and Addis Ababa Public Health and Emergency Management Directorate issued Ethical Clearance Certificates to conduct the study. Written informed consent was obtained from respondents before data collection.
The study’s findings revealed that barriers to the use of contraceptives (lack of knowledge and awareness, religious issues, fear of hormonal side effects of contraceptives, shortage of contraceptives) include male partner support and involvement in contraceptive use, including discussions with wives, the use of contraceptives by male partners, empowering women through education and employment, and health professionals’ recommendations for improvement on health system factors. Other cited barriers include training health professionals on family planning, conducting advocacy on contraceptive use in the community, primary schools, and universities; provision of contraceptives to all health facilities, including private health sectors; integration of family planning services with other services; working in collaboration with the Ministry of Education of Ethiopia; and other related sectors. The researcher developed strategies to enhance contraceptive utilisation uptake based on the research findings. Recommendations were aimed at improving contraceptive utilisation approaches at all healthcare facility levels.
Lolu cwaningo luhlose ukuqhamuka namasu okuphucula indlela yokusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zokuvimbela inzalo kwabesifazane namantombazane amancane ahambela izindawo zokunakekelwa ngemuva kokubeletha ezibhedlela nasemitholampilo ekhethiwe e-Addis Ababa, e-Ethiopia. Ngesikhathi kwenziwa lolu cwaningo kusetshenziswe uhlobo locwaningo oluxubile oluchazayo, kwathi idatha yona yaqoqwa kusetshenziswa uhlu lwemibuzo ehloliwe kwabesifazane namantombazane amancane ahambela izindawo zokunakekelwa ngemuva kokubeletha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlolovo zenziwe nabesifazane, amantombazane amancane kanye nabasebenzi bezempilo.
Engxenyeni yocwaningo lwamanani, ababambiqhaza kube abesifazane abangama-375 namantombazane amancane angama-125 (abakha isamba sama-400). Kwathi engxenyeni yenhlolovo lwamaqophelo khona, ababambiqhaza babangama-30 (abesifazane, amantombazane amancane kanye nabasebenzi bezempilo). Idatha yamanani yahlaziywa kusetshenziswa i-SPSS version 28, kwase kuthi eyamaqophelo yona yahlukaniswa, yafakwa amakhodi yahlaziywa kusetshenziswa i-ATLAS.ti version 9. IKomidi Lezokucwaninga Imiyalelo Yokuziphatha eKolishi Lesayensi Yezabantu eNyuvesi yaseNingizimu Afrika kanye noPhiko Lwezokuphatha Izimo Eziphuthumayo Nempilo Yomphakathi bakhiphe isitifiketi sokuvumela ukwenziwa kocwaningo. Kuqale kwatholakala imvume ebhaliwe yababambiqhaza ngaphambi kokuqoqwa kwedatha.
Imiphumela yocwaningo iveza ukuthi izithiyo ekusetshenzisweni kwezinhlelo zokuvimbela inzalo (ukuntuleka kolwazi nokuqwashisa, izindaba zenkolo, ukwesaba imiphumela emibi ngalokhu, ukwentuleka kwezinto zokuvimbela inzalo) kuhlanganisa nokwesekwa ngabalingani besilisa kanye nokuzibandakanya ekusebenziseni izinhlelo zokuvimbela inzalo, kuhlanganise ukuxoxisana namakhosikazi, ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zabesilisa zokuvimbela inzalo, ukufaka imfundo kwabesifazane nokuqashwa kwabo kanjalo nezincomo zabasebenzi bezempilo ekuphuculeni izinhlelo zezempilo. Ezinye izithiyo ezibaluliwe zihlanganisa ukuqeqesha abasebenzi bezempilo mayelana nokuhlela umndeni, ukugqugquzela ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zokuvimbela inzalo emphakathini, ezikoleni zamabanga aphansi nasemanyuvesi, ukuhlinzeka ngezinhlelo zokuvimbela inzalo kuzo zonke izikhungo zezempilo, okuhlanganisa izikhungo zezempilo ezizimele, ukuhlanganisa izinsiza zokuhlela umndeni nezinye izinsiza nokusebenza ngokubambisana noMnyango Wezemfundo e-Ethiopai nezinye izinhlaka ezifanele. Umcwaningi uqhamuke namasu okuphucula indlela yokusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zokuvimbela inzalo ngokususela emiphumeleni yocwaningo. Izincomo bezenzelwe ukwenza ngcono izinhlelo zokuvimbela inzalo kuwo wonke amazinga ezikhungo zokunakekelwa kwempilo.
Olu phando lujonge ukuphuhlisa amacebo okuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwezithintelilumitho kwabasetyhini nakumantombazana aselula ahamba unakekelo lwasemva kokubeleka kwizibhedlele neeklinikhi ezikhethiweyo eAddis Ababa, e-Ethiopia. Kusetyenziswe uqulunqo lophando oluxubileyo iexplanatory sequential, zaze iinkcukacha zophando (idatha) zaqokelelwe ngokusebenzisa amaxwebhu emibuzo avavanyiweyo ebejoliswe kwabasetyhini nakumantombazana ababehamba unakekelo lwasemva kokubeleka ngexesha lokuqhutywa kophando. Ukongeza, udliwanondlebe lwenziwa kwabasetyhini, amantombazana aselula nakoonompilo.
Kwingxenye yophando olulungele amanani nobalo (quantitative research) ngabasetyhini abangama375 namantombazana ali125 (bebonke bangama400) abathe bathatha inxaxheba kolu phando. Abathathinxaxheba abangama30 (abasetyhini, amantombazana noonompilo) bathathe inxaxheba kudliwanondlebe oluchazayo. Iinkcukucha zophando oluqukayo lwamanani nobalo luhlalutywe ngokusebenzia iSPSS version 28, zaze iinkcukacha zophando olunika iziphumo ngokuchaza zahlelwa, zakhowudwa zaze zahlalutywa ngokusebenzisa iATLAS.ti version 9. IKholeji yeKomiti yeMigaqo yoPhando lweeNzululwazi zoluNtu yaseUnisa neCandelo loLawulo lweMpilo yoluNtu noLawulo oluNgxamisekileyo laseAddis Ababa ziye zakhupha isiqinisekiso semvume yokwenza uphando (ethical clearance certificate) ukuze uphando luqhube. Izivumelwano ezibhaliweyo ezisekelwe kulwazi zifumaneke kwabo bathe baphendula phambi kokuqokelelwa kwenkcukacha zophando (data collection).
Iziphumo zophando zibonakalisa ukuba imiqobo ekusetyenzisweni kwezithintelilumitho (ukungabi nalwazi nakuqonda, imiba yezenkolo, uloyiko lwemiphumela lwezithintelilumitho kumadlala, ukunqongophala kwezithintelilumitho) iquka inkxaso yabalingane abangamadoda nokudlala indima ekusetyenzisweni kwezithintelilumitho kubandakanya iingxoxo namakhosikazi, ukusetyenziswa kwezithintelilumitho ngabalingane abangamadoda, ukuxhobisa abasetyhini ngemfundo, ingqesho kunye neengcebiso zoonompilo malunga nemiba yenkqubo yezempilo. Eminye imiqobo echatshazelweyo iquka uqeqesho loonompilo kwezocwangciso, ubutshantliziyo okanye ukunikezwa kwenkxaso ngokusetyenziswa kwezithintelilumitho kuluntu, kwizikolo zamabanga aphantsi neeyunivesithi, ukunikezela ngezithentelilumitho kuwo onke amaziko empilo, kuquka necandelo lezempilo labucala, ukuhlanganiswa kweenkonzo zocwangciso kunye nezinye iinkonzo kwanokusebenza ngentsebenziswano neSebe leMfundo laseEthiopia namanye amacandelo asondeleyo. Umphandi wenze amacebo okuqinisa inqanaba losetyenziso lwezithintelilumitho ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zophando. Iziphakamiso bezijolise ekuphuculeni iindlela zokusetyenziswa kwezithintelilumitho kuwo onke amabakala eendawo zokunonophela impilo.
