In Vitro α-Amylase, α-Glucose, Cytotoxicity and free radical scavenging inhibitory effects of synthesized nanoparticles from Moringa Oleifera and Hypoxis Hemerocallidea

Abstract

Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death worldwide alongside cancer, heart complications and kidney disease. It is prevalent in developing and underdeveloped countries due to lack of access to healthy food and quality health care. Medicinal plants have been used around the world by developing countries for the treatment of various diseases and are credited with being the base and inspiration to some of the popular medicine used today. Moringa oleifera and Hypoxis hemerocallidea are one of the popular plants used in treating various diseases including diabetes. Aqueous extracts of M. oleifera and H. hermerocallidea were used to synthesize magnesium oxide nanoparticles, the H. hemerocallidea synthesized nanoparticles were spherical in shape with a zeta potential of -28.11 mV, indicating strong absorption of bioactive compounds, and high stability. The synthesized nanoparticles were spherical in shape with a diameter of 8.3 nm and a zeta potential value of 5.6 mV. The IC50 values for α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition of H. hermerocallidea nanoparticles were 33.03 ± 1.43 μg/mL and 52.38 ± 3.06 μg/mL, respectively, while for M. oleifera nanoparticles, they were 36.58 ± 0.74 μg/mL and 55.03 ± 1.678 μg/mL respectively. the results obtained indicated that nanoparticles of both plants have the ability to inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase with H. hemerocallidea being more efficient. MTT assay indicated that the H. hemerocallidea nanoparticles were nontoxic to the HEK-293 cell line with an IC50 value of 41.63 ± 0.73 μg/mL while M. oleifera exhibited IC50 value of 68.22 ± 0.12 μg/mL. The H. hermerocallidea MgO nanoparticles were tested for antioxidant activity using DPPH and ABTS methods, the obtained results indicated IC50 values of 57.35 ± 0.28 and 52.08 ±0.24 respectively, while M. oleifera MnO nanoparticles IC50 values were 9.08 ± 0.11 and 6.62 ± 0.12 μg/mL, this indicated H. hemerocallidea and M. oleifera nanoparticles have good antioxidant ability. The synthesized nanoparticles can help to manage diabetes by inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes, increasing the antioxidants in the body and thus lowering oxidative stress with no toxic side effects.