Relationship between entrepreneurial education, motivation, and entrepreneurial intention among Enactus students in South Africa

Abstract

Due to the high level of unemployment in South Africa, the number of people starting businesses is lagging behind the rate of other African continents. Compared to other African countries, South Africa has a low level of entrepreneurial intention. For a country's economy to grow, entrepreneurship is essential. Therefore, the participation of university students in entrepreneurship education programmes should be encouraged. Students will be exposed to entrepreneurial skills and be more inclined to start a business in the future. The study's objective was to investigate the relationship between entrepreneurial education, motivation and entrepreneurial intention of ENACTUS students at selected South African universities. It was revealed that many ENACTUS students have high intentions of starting a business in the future, and their entrepreneurial intentions are impacted by their ENACTUS involvement and experience gained. A quantitative descriptive research design was used for the study. The target population comprised ENACTUS students between 18 and 34 years who were registered at universities in South Africa in 2021. A Google Form questionnaire was distributed to respondents by the ENACTUS South Africa office to seven sampled ENACTUS teams and which comprised of 200 students. A convenience sampling method was used. A total of 165 full completed questionnaires were returned to the researcher. Descriptive statistics was used for the biographical and background information of respondents, including their level of agreement and opinions on aspects relating to intention to start a business, experience gained from ENACTUS, motivation towards entrepreneurship, ENACTUS involvement, and entrepreneurship education. The inferential statistics established the relationship between intention to start a business, experience gained from ENACTUS, motivation towards entrepreneurship, ENACTUS involvement, and entrepreneurship education. the inferential statistics included correlation analysis, regression analysis, factor analysis, exploratory factor analysis, as well as moderation analysis. The inferential statistics included correlation analysis, regression analysis, factor analysis, Pearson correlation, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin-test as well as Bartlets Test of Sphericity. The results have shown that motivation towards entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship education, ENACTUS involvement and experience gained, are in a position to predict or influence the intention to start a business, which was the dependent variable. Sudents' interest in entrepreneurship helps to minimise unemployment and stimulate the economy by providing new prospects for long-term, sustainable entrepreneurial growth. Therefore, a government-driven policy should be in place to encourage entrepreneurship education in South Africa.

Izinga eliphezulu lokunqaba kwemisebenzi eMzantsi Afrika likhokelela ekubeni babe mbalwa abantu abaziqalela amashishini xa kuthelekiswa namanye amazwe aseAfrika. Iinjongo zokuziqalela ishishini zisezantsi eMzantsi Afrika xa zithelekiswa nezamanye amazwe aseAfrika. Ukuze lukhule uqoqosho lwelizwe, ubuchule bokuqala ishishini buyimfuneko enkulu. Ngoko ke kufuneka kukhuthazwe ukuthatha inxaxheba kwabafundi beeyunivesithi kwizifundo ezimalunga nokuqala ishishini, Abafundi baza kutyhilelwa izakhono zokuqala ishishini ukuze babe nomdla ekuqaleni amashishini kwixa elizayo. Injongo yesi vihakath yayikukuphanda ulwalamano vihakathi kokufundiswa ngokuqala ishishin kunye neenjongo zokuqala ishishini kubafundi be-ENACTUS abakwiiyunivesithi ezikhethiweyo eMzantsi Afrika. Kwafumaniseka ukuba abafundi be-ENACTUS abaninzi baneenjongo eziphakamileyo zokuqala ishishini hatha inxaxheba nokuzuza amava kwiinkqubo ze-ENACTUS. Kwesi sifundo kwasetyenziswa uyilo lophando olusekelwe kwinkcazo ngokobuninzi bamanani. Abathathi nxaxheba ekwakujoliswe kubo yayingabafundi be-ENACTUS abaphakathi kwe-18 nama-34 eminyaka ubudala, nababhaliswe kwiiyunivesithi zoMzantsi Afrika ngonyaka wama-2021. Kwasasazwa ifomu yeGoogle enemibuzo, isasazwa yiofisi ye-ENACTUS Mzantsi Afrika, isasazwa kubafundi abakumaqela asixhenxe awayeyisampulu ye-ENACTUS, apho iqela ngalinye lalinabafundi abagama-200. Indlela yokukhetha isampulu eyasetyenziswayo yeyokukhetha ngokufikeleleka nobulula. Iifomu zemibuzo ezaphendulwa ngokupheleleyo, zaza zabuyiselwa kumphandi zaba li-165. Kwasetyenziswa ubalo oluchazayo ekuchazeni iinkcukacha zobomi nemvelaphi malunga nabathathi nxaxheba, kuqukwa neqondo lokuvumelana kunye nezimvo ngemiba emalunga neenjongo zokuqala ishishini, amava afumaneke kwiENACTUS, uthakazelelo lokuqala ishishini, ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiENACTUS kunye nezifundo malunga nokuqala ishishini. Ezi zibalo zadulisa ulwalano vihakathi kwenjongo yokuqala ishishini, amava afumaneke kwiENACTUS, uthakazelelo lokuqala ishishini, ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiENACTUS, kunye nezifundo malunga nokuqala ishishini. Ezi zibalo zaquka iindidi zohlalutyo ezahlukeneyo ezizezi: correlation analysis, regression analysis, factor analysis, Pearson correlation, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin-test kunye novavanyo ekuthiwa yiBartlett’s Test of Sphericity. Iziphumo zabonisa ukuba uthakazelelo lokuqala ishishini, izifundo malunga nokuqala ishishini, ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiENACTUS, namava afumanekileyo yimiba enokukhekelela kuthelekelelo okanye ibe nefuthe kwinjongo yokuqala ishishini. Umdla wabafundi kubuchule bokuqala ishishini uyanceda ekucutheni intswela misebenzi kwaye ukhulisa uqoqosho ngokuvelisa amathemba okukhula kwamalinge azinzileyo nahlala ixesha elide. Ngoko ke, kufuneka kubekho umgaqo nkqubo oqhutywa ngurhulumente ukuze kukhuthazwe izifundo malunga nokuqala ishishini eMzantsi Afrika.

Ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lokuntuleka kwemisebenzi eNingizimu Afrika, isibalo sabantu abaqala amabhizinisi sisalele emuva ngezinga kunamanye amazwe ase-Afrika. Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amazwe ase-Afrika, iNingizimu Afrika inezinga eliphansi lenhloso yokuhweba. Ukuze umnotho wezwe ukhule, amabhizinisi abalulekile. Ngakho-ke, ukuzibandakanya kwabafundi basemanyuvesi ezinhlelweni zemfundo yezamabhizinisi kufanele kukhuthazwe. Abafundi bazokwaziswa ngamakhono ebhizinisi futhi bavuleleke kakhulu ekuqaleni amabhizinisi esikhathini esizayo. Inhloso yocwaningo bekuwukuphenya ubudlelwano phakathi kwemfundo yezamabhizinisi, ugqozi, kanye nenhloso yezamabhizinisi yabafundi be-ENACTUS emanyuvesi akhethiwe aseNingizimu Afrika. Kuvezwe ukuthi abafundi abaningi be-ENACTUS banezinhloso eziphezulu zokuqala amabhizinisi esikhathini esizayo, futhi izinhloso Kusetshenziswe umklamo wocwaningo lokubala ocwaningweni. Isibalo sabantu sokuhlosiwe sasihlanganisa abafundi be-ENACTUS phakathi kweminyaka eyi-18 nengama-34 ababhaliswe emanyuvesi aseNingizimu Afrika ngonyaka wezi-2021. Uhlu lwemibuzo lwe-Google Form lasatshalaliswa yihhovisi le-ENACTUS eNingizimu Afrika kubaphenduli emaqenjini angamasampula ayisikhombisa e-ENACTUS ahlanganisa abafundi abangama-200. Kusetshenziswe indlela yokwenza isampula elula. Isamba semibuzo eyi-165 egcwaliswe ngokugcwele yabuyiselwa kumcwaningi. Izibalo ezichazayo zasetshenziswa olwazini lwempilo kanye nesizinda sabaphendulile, okuhlanganisa nezinga labo lesivumelwano nemibono ezicini eziphathelene nenhloso yokuqala ibhizinisi, ulwazi olutholwe ku-ENACTUS, ugqozi lokuya kwezamabhizinisi, ukuzibandakanya kwe-ENACTUS, kanye nemfundo yezamabhizinisi. Izibalo ezingasho lutho zakha ubudlelwano phakathi kwenhloso yokuqala ibhizinisi, ulwazi olutholwe kwa-ENACTUS, ugqozi lokuya kwezamabhizinisi, ukuzibandakanya kwe-ENACTUS, kanye nemfundo yezamabhizinisi. Izibalo ezingasho lutho zazihlanganisa ukuhlaziywa kokuhlobana, ukuhlaziywa kokuhlehla, ukuhlaziywa kwesici, ukuhlobana kwe-Pearson, ukuhlolwa kwe-Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin kanye ne-Bartlett's Test of Sphericity. Imiphumela ikhombisile ukuthi ukugqugquzeleka kwezamabhizinisi, imfundo yezamabhizinisi, ukuzibandakanya kwe-ENACTUS, nolwazi oluzuziwe, kusesimweni sokubikezela noma ukubandakanya phakathi inhloso yokuqala ibhizinisi, obekuyinto okuguquguqukayo. Intshisekelo yabafundi kwezamabhizinisi isiza ekunciphiseni ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi futhi ikhuthaze umnotho ngokuhlinzeka ngamathemba amasha okukhula kwebhizinisi okuzohlala isikhathi eside, nokusimeme. Ngakho-ke, kufanele kube nenqubomgomo eqhutshwa uhulumeni ukukhuthaza ukufundiswa kwezamabhizinisi eNingizimu Afrika.