A historical analysis of the experiences and perceptions of the Zion Christian Church in Zimbabwe (ZCC Mbungo) on the use of holy water and healing (1976-2016)

Abstract

Samuel Mutendi’s Zion Christian Church (ZCC Mbungo) is an African Independent Church formed by a son of Zimbabwe (Daneel, 1986:31). Understanding African belief systems related to healing and the indigenous knowledge associated with it from an African frame was the focus if this study. These belief systems have developed into perceptions that have been influenced by their personal and historical experiences. ZCC Mbungo members mostly believe in healing which is associated with witchcraft and exorcism of evil spirits. The perceptions and experiences of ZCC members are mainly centered on two artifacts: holy water and the sacred staff (mapumhangozi). Holy water known as (machipisa uroyi) is the artifact mainly used in healing. Its name (machipisa uroyi) destroyer of witchcraft is believed by ZCC members to stem from the ability of holy water to heal all sicknesses that are allegedly caused by witchcraft. This holy water is said to be the tool that exorcises the witchcraft spirits, a form of spiritual healing. The perceptions around the efficacy of holy water in ZCC Mbungo rest on the individual’s faith and their ability to follow instructions given by (maporofita) prophets. Prophets are the primary agents involved in diagnosis of the causes of sickness in ZCC Mbungo. The sacred staff (mapumhangozi) is used to bless water together with prayer to form holy water. Experiences that follow the use of sacred staff in healing have to do with its ability to exorcise vengeful spirits (ngozi) coupled with holy water. Historical experiences regarding use of the bishops’ staff (mapumhangozi) have shaped the perceptions of ZCC Mbungo members who view the staff as the most sacred staff among other starves used in the church. Major perceptions surrounding the sacred staff are that it has supernatural power on it, so it cannot be handled by anyone except Bishop Nehemiah Mutendi and with it no evil spirit can stand before him. This was agreed by all those interviewed.