Factors associated with influenza vaccine adherence among healthcare workers in Abu Dhabi

Abstract

Vaccination is regarded as the cornerstone of public health policies aimed at reducing the spread of various infectious illnesses. Influenza outbreaks and pandemics reoccur on a regular basis, presenting a threat to public health. Healthcare workers (HCWs), particularly those directly engaged in patient care and the handling of human tissues, are urged to be vaccinated against influenza to boost their resistance to the virus and improve patient safety. Aside from the danger of infecting other people in the hospital, vaccination among HCWs is advised because it decreases staff absence, allowing them to maintain high production levels throughout the influenza season. This study aimed to identify and describe the factors associated with HCWs’ adherence to the annual influenza vaccines in a hospital in the United Arabs Emirates (UAE) to provide recommendations that can contribute to the enhancement of adherence rates. A generic quantitative study was conducted using a questionnaire based on literature and the health belief model to gather data from HCWs in a hospital in the UAE. A total population sampling was done. All 2 080 staff members of the hospital under study received an information letter with details about the research, inviting voluntary participation. Ultimately, 1 018 respondents returned completed questionnaires, and this data were analysed. The findings revealed that social influence from colleagues was an essential factor influencing influenza vaccine uptake. The lack of a convenient time to be vaccinated, knowledge about the hospital’s policy regarding influenza uptake, a lack of follow-up by the hospital administration, no previous cases of influenza, and fear of the injection were also identified. Motivational factors included the need to protect their friends and family from flu; recommendations by employers; policies that forced compliance; as well as their own motivation to protect their patients. The findings and a thorough literature review contributed to the proposed recommendations. The recommendations include the provision of health education material, social media use, mandatory vaccination, on-duty vaccination, free vaccination services, flexible post-vaccination recovery time, special sick leave, and greater awareness about the benefits of the vaccine. In conclusion, the study’s objectives were met based on the above findings.