Why has physics failed to completely explain the universe: a philosophical approach to a final theory

Abstract

This thesis investigates why there is still no ‘final’ physical theory of the universe despite the enormous resources involved. Current physical and philosophical methodologies are examined leading to a new strategy. The history of knowledge from mythology to the present day is traced to establish the general nature and psychology of human sapience and group dynamics. This reflects strongly on human common sense, education and entrenchment caused by peer pressure of mathematical and physical ideas. Arguments consider physical and philosophical standpoints of empirical versus rational and mathematical versus non-mathematical deduction. The former is decided by introducing a special foundational philosophy; the latter by arguing the universe has no need of mathematics in any form to exist. Criticizing current ideas is useless unless they can be replaced by a better theory. As a paradigm must be better than that which it replaces, it must stand up to testing against observation. Using the concept of time with a clear definition, possibly the first such definition, shows how a universe must causally develop. The human concept of space, together with a reason for its 3-dimensionality, automatically arises to answer, ‘if a universe is to be created, into what is it placed?’ The conundrum of existence is also explained. The reason for contemporary physics’ failure is its reliance on observation, which is governed by unreliable human perception, in particular its lack of definitions for time, length, mass, electric charge, energy, work, wave function from which its ‘laws’ are deduced. Doubt is raised on physics’ main theories, quantum mechanics and relativistic field theories which deny a fundamental cause for the universe. Mathematics suffers from overconfidence in its efficacy and accuracy. There also exist processes that the foundational theory shows are completely hidden from current physical and astrophysical experiments. The conclusion to be drawn is that mathematical physics cannot produce a final theory whereas non-mathematical reasoning can. Foundational philosophy then becomes the means of attaining a final theory with physics the method of determining philosophy’s accuracy. As no such pointer has been considered in the literature it has to be a testable primary assumption. Lines for further research to produce a complete theory of the universe are given.

Hierdie tesis ondersoek hoekom daar steeds geen 'finale' fisiese teorie van die heelal is ten spyte van die enorme hulpbronne wat betrokke is. Huidige fisiese en filosofiese metodologieë word ondersoek wat lei tot 'n nuwe strategie. Die geskiedenis van kennis vanaf mitologie tot vandag word nagespeur om die algemene aard en sielkunde van menslike weelde en groepdinamika vas te stel. Dit reflekteer sterk op menslike gesonde verstand, opvoeding en verskansing wat veroorsaak word deur groepsdruk van wiskundige en fisiese idees. Argumente oorweeg fisiese en filosofiese standpunte van empiriese teenoor rasionele en wiskundige versus nie-wiskundige afleiding. Eersgenoemde word besluit deur 'n spesiale grondliggende filosofie in te voer; laasgenoemde deur te redeneer die heelal het geen behoefte aan wiskunde in enige vorm om te bestaan nie. Om huidige idees te kritiseer is nutteloos, tensy dit deur 'n beter teorie vervang kan word. Aangesien 'n paradigma beter moet wees as dit wat dit vervang, moet dit standhou tot toetsing teen waarneming. Die gebruik van die konsep van tyd met 'n duidelike definisie, moontlik die eerste so 'n definisie, wys hoe 'n heelal oorsaaklik moet ontwikkel. Die menslike konsep van ruimte, tesame met 'n rede vir sy 3-dimensionaliteit, ontstaan outomaties om te antwoord 'as 'n heelal geskep moet word, waarin word dit geplaas?' Die raaisel van bestaan word ook verduidelik. Die rede vir kontemporêre fisika se mislukking is sy vertroue op waarneming wat beheer word deur onbetroubare menslike persepsie, veral sy gebrek aan definisies vir tyd, lengte, massa, elektriese lading, energie, werk, golffunksie waaruit sy 'wette' afgelei word. Twyfel word geopper oor fisika se hoofteorieë, kwantummeganika en relativistiese veldteorieë wat 'n fundamentele oorsaak vir die heelal ontken. Wiskunde ly aan oorvertroue in die doeltreffendheid en akkuraatheid daarvan. Daar bestaan ook prosesse wat die grondliggende teorie toon heeltemal verborge is van huidige fisiese en astrofisiese eksperimente. Die gevolgtrekking wat gemaak moet word, is dat wiskundige fisika nie 'n finale teorie kan produseer nie, terwyl nie-wiskundige redenering wel kan. Fundamentele filosofie word dan die middel om 'n finale teorie te bereik met fisika die metode om filosofie se akkuraatheid te bepaal. Lyne vir verdere navorsing om 'n volledige teorie van die heelal te produseer, word gegee

Le thisisi iphanda ukuba kutheni kungekabikho ithiyori yendalo iphela nangona zizininzi izixhobo ezisetyenziswayo. Iindlela zangoku zokwemvelo nezefilosofi ziyavavanywa ukuze kufikelelwe kwisicwangciso-qhinga esitsha. Imbali yolwazi ukusuka kwizifundo ngeentsomi ukuza kuthi ga ngoku iyalandelwa ukuze kusekwe imeko yendalo ngokubanzi nemeko yobulumko bengqondo bomntu kunye nenkqubo yokuziphatha kunye neenkqubo zengqondo ezenzeka ngaphakathi kweqela. Oku kubonakalisa ngamandla/ngokukuko kwindlela yokucinga komntu, imfundo kunye nokuzinza okubangelwa luxinzelelo loontanga kwiingcamango zemathematika kunye nezendalo. Iingxoxo zithathela ingqalelo iimbono zendalo nezefilosofi zamava achasene nengqiqo kunye nemethamatika ngokuchasene nokunciphisa ekungeyoyamethametika. Eyokuqala igqiba ngokwazisa ifilosofi eyodwa esisiseko; ze engeyokugqibela igqibe ngokuxoxa ukuba indalo iphela ayifuni imathematika nangaluphi na uhlobo ukuze ibekho.Ukugxeka iingcamango zangoku akuncedi nto ngaphandle kokuba zinokuthatyathelw’ indawo yithiyori engcono kunazo.Njengoko iphatheni/ imodeli(paradigm) kufuneka ibengcono kunaleyo inqwenela ukuba ithathe indawo yayo, kufuneka ikumele ukuvavanywa ngokwemigqaliselo ngokokuqwalasela. Inkcazo ecacileyo yengcamango yexesha, ekunokwenzeka yingcaciso yokuqala enjalo, ibonisa indlela indalo ekhula ngayo ngokuzenzekelayo. Ingcamango yomntu yesithuba/ indawo ejikeleze ihlabathi, kunye nesizathu sobukhulu bayo ngokobuthathu, iwuphendula ngokuzenzekelayo umbuzo othi ‘ukuba indalo iphela iza kuyilwa, ibekwe kwintoni?’ Uqashi qashi wobukho ucacisiwe. Isizathu sokungaphumeleli kwefiziksi yanamhlanje ukuchaza indalo kukuxhomekeka kwayo ekuqwalaseleni, okulawulwa yimbono yabantu engathembekanga kwaye, ngokukodwa, ukusilela kwayo kwiinkcazo zexesha, ubude, ubunzima, ubungakanani bombane, amandla, umsebenzi, kunye nomsebenzi wamaza apho 'imithetho' isekelwe/ ithathwa khona. Amathandabuzo abekwa kwiithiyori eziphambili zefiziksi, ubungakanani bobuxhakaxhaka obufunekayo kunye neethiyori eziphikisa ukuba kukho unobangela osisiseko wendalo iphela. IMathematika inengxaki yokuzithemba ngokugqithisileyo kumandla ayo okusebenza nangokuchaneka kwayo. Ithiyori yesiseko ibonisa ukuba iinkqubo ezithile zangoku zifihlwe ngokupheleleyo kwimifuniselo ngokobunzululwazi bezemvelo nokwakheka kweenkwenkwezi. Isigqibo sesokuba ifiziksi (ubunzululwazi ngezinto zemvelo ezingaphiliyo) yemathematika ayinakwakha /ayinakuyila ithiyori egqibeleleyyo ngelixa ukuqiqa okungengokwemathematika v kunokukwenza oko. Ifilosofi esisiseko ngoko iba yindlela yokuseka ithiyori yokugqibela ze ifiziksi ibe yindlela yokumisela ukuchaneka kwefilosofi. Ekugqibeleni, kucetyiswa imikrwelo/izihloko zophando zokuqhubela phambili uphando ngenjongo yokuvelisa ingcamango/ ithiyori epheleleyo ngendalo iphela.