Exploring the social reintegration experiences of former female offenders who committed fraud: A case of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality

Abstract

Most female offender studies focus on the causes of economic crimes and the experience of female offenders during their incarceration. This has resulted in a literature gap regarding female offenders and their experiences after incarceration. This study aimed to explore the social reintegration experiences of former female offenders who committed fraud. A qualitative research methodology was employed, and semi-structured interviews were used to gather information. Former female offenders who had completed their sentencing formed part of the sample. The study was based on labelling and convenience theories and the data were analysed through Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. The results of the study indicated that stigma, unemployment, anxiety, as well as broken relationships were the main challenges that former female offenders faced during their reintegration into society. The results also revealed that post-incarceration support was not offered by the Department of Correctional Services (DCS) and Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) during the social reintegration of the released former female offenders. Furthermore, former female offenders needed counselling and employment opportunities for their successful reintegration into society. Therefore, the study recommends counselling services to deal with the stigma, unemployment, and broken relationships encountered by former female offenders, and to provide gendered social reintegration programmes.

Die meeste studies oor vroulike oortreders fokus op die oorsake van ekonomiese misdade en die ervaring van vroulike oortreders gedurende hul gevangenskap. Dit lei tot ‟n literatuurgaping betreffende vroulike oortreders en hul ervaring na afloop van hul gevangenskap. Die doel van hierdie studie was ‟n ondersoek na die sosiale-herintegrasie ervarings van vroulike oortreders wat bedrog gepleeg het. ‟n Kwalitatiewe avorsingsmetodologie is ingespan en halfgestruktureerde onderhoude is gebruik om die data in te samel. Die steekproef het bestaan uit vroulike gewese oortreders wat hul vonnisse uitgedien het. Teoretiese triangulering bestaande uit die etikettering- en gerieflikheidsteorieë is saam met Vertolkende Fenomenologiese Ontleding (IPA) gebruik om die data te ontleed. Die resultate van die studie dui daarop dat stigma, werkloosheid, angs, en gebroke verhoudings die vernaamste uitdagings was wat vroulike gewese oortreders te bowe moes kom gedurende hul herintegrasie in die samelewing. Verder toon die navorsingsresultate dat die gewese vroulike oortreders wat vrygelaat is, ná hul gevangenskap geen ondersteuning van die Departement van Korrektiewe Dienste en niestaatsorganisasies ontvang het tydens die sosiale herintegrasie nie. Om weer suksesvol in die samelewing geïntegreer te word, was berading en werksgeleenthede ook nodig vir hierdie gewese oortreders. Daarom beveel die studie beradingsdienste aan vir die hantering van die stigma, werkloosheid en gebroke verhoudings wat vroulike gewese oortreders beleef, sowel as sosiale-herintegrasie programme spesifiek vir vroue.

Bontši bja dinyakišišo tša basenyi ba basadi di lebane kudu le mabaka a bosenyi bja ikonomi le maitemogelo a basenyi ba basadi nakong ya go golegwa ga bona. Se se dira gore go be le tlhaelelo ya dingwalo ka ga basenyi ba basadi le maitemogelo a bona ka morago ga go golegwa. Maikemišetšo a nyakišišo ye e be e le go hlahloba maitemogelo a go bušetšwa gape setšhabeng ga basenyi ba peleng ba basadi bao ba dirilego bomenetša. Go šomišitšwe mokgwa wa nyakišišo wa khwalithethifi, gomme dipoledišano tšeo di hlophilwego seripa di šomišitšwe go kgoboketša datha. Basenyi ba peleng ba basadi bao ba phethilego kahlolo ya bona ba bopile karolo ya sampole. Go tshepha ya teori yeo e akaretšago diteori tša tlhopho le phihlelelo di šomišitšwe ka Tshekatsheko ya Fenolotši ya Tlhathollo (Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis) go sekaseka datha. Dipoelo tša nyakišišo ye di bontšhitše gore go kgethollwa, go hloka mošomo, go tshwenyega le dikamano tše di sego gabotse e be e le ditlhohlo tše kgolo tšeo basenyi ba peleng ba basadi ba lebeletšanego le tšona nakong ya ge ba be ba bušetšwa gape setšhabeng. Dipoelo di utolotše gape gore ga go na thekgo ya ka morago ga go golegwa yeo e filwego ke Kgoro ya Ditirelo tša Tshokollo le Mekgatlo ye e sego ya Mmušo nakong ya go bušetšwa gape setšhabeng ga basenyi ba peleng ba basadi bao ba lokolotšwego. Se sengwe gape, bao e kilego ya ba basenyi ba basadi ba be ba nyaka dibaka tša thobamatswalo le tša mošomo gore go bušetšwa ga bona gape setšhabeng go atlege. Ka fao, nyakišišo e šišinya ditirelo tša thobamatswalo go šomana le kgethollo, tlhokego ya mešomo le dikamano tše di senyegilego tšeo basenyi ba peleng ba basadi ba lebanago le tšona, le go aba mananeo a go bušetša gape setšhabeng ao a diretšwego basadi.

Afrika Borwa

Basadi

Bomenetša

Go bušetšwa gape setšhabeng

Go golegwa, go tsena gape

Ka morago ga go golegwa

Maitemogelo

Mmasepala wo Mogolo wa Tshwane

Mosenyi wa peleng wa mosadi