Exploring the challenges and solutions of ageing potable water infrastructure in Gwanda Town, Matabeleland South, Zimbabawe

Abstract

The ability to access clean potable water is not only a basic need, but it is also a basic human right. In Zimbabwe, communities still live in places where it is a challenge to access potable water, a situation with life-threatening consequences. There are many reasons for this deplorable situation. One key contributing factor to the inadequate water supply is the ageing of water infrastructure systems. The study aimed to understand the challenges imposed by ageing water infrastructure and to investigate possible solutions to the challenges in Gwanda Town, Matabeleland South, Zimbabwe. Qualitative methods were used to gather data from 57 participants including residents, council officials and NGO representatives that were all working and living in Gwanda town. The study reveals that water challenges result from several factors, including but not limited to, corroded pipes leading to water pollution, leaking pipes and taps, vandalism along with limited financial and human resources to repair and maintain the ageing infrastructure. Most of the interviewed participants expressed concern that the ageing water infrastructure systems imposed life-threatening risks and impaired the socio-economic aspects of their livelihoods. It was also concerning that although there were two water treatment plants in Gwanda town, only one was fully functional. Even more striking was the fact that despite these water challenges faced by Gwanda town, there was an absence of boreholes which are often a cost-effective, rough-and-ready alternative. The study recommends multi-organisational solutions that put into account upgrading infrastructure, reporting theft and vandalism to the police, employing water infrastructure inspectors, discouraging illegal connections and community engagement. Access to underground water sources through boreholes should be considered as an alternative to dams. More funding is required to upgrade and repair existing water infrastructure. Residents should also be encouraged through public engagement programmes and other incentives to pay water bills regularly and on time to allow for the implementation of preventive and proactive maintenance measures to improve access to potable water. The study also recommends the adoption of an Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) approach in developing policies that will reform the processes of water resource governance and management, as well as promote the development of the Gwanda community. Further research is required to address the effects of population growth and settlement planning on water access in Gwanda town.