The Xhosa novel

Abstract

This study is an attempt towards a poetics of the Xhosa novel. The first chapter identifies the lack of generalized aesthetics which has prompted the study. The scope is also defined. Chapter Two examines extra-literary parameters. It establishes that orality and literacy serve as cultural and historical determinants of the Xhosa novel and that they constitute basic material for the poetics of the Xhosa novel. Setting is explored in Chapter Three. Artistic deviations from literary universals are identified and admired while inartistic ones are criticised. Chapter Four explores plot. It is observed that the plot of the Xhosa novel subdivides into plot of fortune and plot of character proceeding by causal and thematic connections respectively. The structural units which determine each phrase of the plot are also examined. The fifthe chapter treats characterization. Round characterization and flat characterization together with the modes that achieve them are identified in the Xhosa novel. It is found that both forms of characterization are grounded in reality and the each form emerges according to the literary canons peculiar to it. The discussion on point of view appears in Chapter Six. It is observed that the external narrative medium and the internal narrative medium, i.e., third-person point of view and first-person point of view featuring in the Xhosa novel, are characterized by infinite flexibility, which reduces boredom. Further the skilful way in which the narrative mediums are integrated into the entire narrative structure is noted and admired. The dominant themes which the Xhosa novel features and the paradigmatic units which determine their structure are examined in Chapter Seven. The avoidance of sensitive themes such as politics by the majority of Xhosa novelists is blamed on censorship which seeks to ensure that only mission and classroom literature is published. The eighth chapter, which encompasses the findings and suggestions, rounds off the study.