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Physical and metaphysical zones of transition : comparative themes in Hittite and Greek Karst landscapes in the Late Bronze and Early Iron ages

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dc.contributor.advisor De Marre, Martine Elizabeth Agnes
dc.contributor.author Hay, Anne Persida
dc.date.accessioned 2021-06-10T06:19:17Z
dc.date.available 2021-06-10T06:19:17Z
dc.date.issued 2021-01
dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27463
dc.description English, Afrikaans and Zulu summaries en
dc.description.abstract While there is increasing interest in the effect of landscape on ancient imagination, less attention has been paid to the impact of restless karst hydrology on ancient beliefs. By identifying shared themes, this study compares and contrasts the way Hittites and Aegean people in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages reshaped peripheral karst landscapes into physical and imagined transitional zones. Karst geology underpins much of the Aegean and Anatolian landscape, allowing subterranean zones to be visible and accessible above ground via caves, springs, sinking streams, sinkholes and other unusual natural formations. In both cultures, certain dynamic landscapes were considered to be sacred porous points where deities, daemons, heroes and mortals could transit between cosmic realms. Evidence suggests that Hittites and Aegean people interpreted dramatic karst landscapes as liminal thresholds and spaces situated between the world of humans and the world of deities. Part One investigates physical zones of transition via the karst ecosystems of rural sanctuaries. Part Two considers the creative interpretation in myth and iconography of karst phenomena into metaphysical zones of transition. The examples reveal the way in which Hittites and Aegean people built their concept of the sacred on the extraordinary characteristics of karst geology. Numinous karst landscapes provided validity and a familiar reference point for the creation of imagined worlds where mortal and divine could connect. en
dc.description.abstract Vandag is daar toenemende belangstelling in die effek van die landskap op die verbeelding van die mensdom in die oudheid - maar minder aandag word bestee aan die impak van die rustelose karst landskap op die mens se gelowigheid in die oudheid. Deur die identifisering van sekere gemene temas, vergelyk hierdie verhandeling die manier waarop die Hetiete en die Egeïese volkere in die Laat Brons- en vroeë Ystertydperke die omliggende karstlandskap herskep het in fisiese en denkbeeldige oorgangszones. Die Egeïese en Anatoliese landskap bestaan grotendeels uit karst geologie, met tot gevolg dat ondergrondse zones bo die grond sigbaar en toeganklik is in die vorm van grotte, bronne, sinkgate en ander uitsonderlike natuurlike formasies. In beide bogenoemde kulture is sekere landskapstonele beskou as heilige en poreuse punte waar gode, demone, helde en sterwelinge tussen die kosmiese zones kon beweeg. Die getuienis van die tyd suggereer dat die Hetiete en die Egeïese volkere die dramatiese karst landskappe as grense of drempels tussen hulle wêreld en dié van die gode beskou het. Deel Een ondersoek die fisiese oorgangszones deur te kyk na die karst ecostelsels waarin plattelandse heiligdomme hulle bevind het. Deel Twee beskou die kreatiewe gebruik van karst verskynsels as voorstellings van metafisiese oorgangszones in die gekrewe bronne en ikonografie. Die geselekteerde voorbeelde dui aan die manier waarop die Hetiete en Egeïese volke hulle konsepte van heiligdom gebaseer het op die buitengewone verskynsels van karst geologie. Numineuse karst landskappe het hulle idees gestaaf en ‘n bekende verwysingspunt uitgemaak waar die menslike en die goddelike met mekaar in kontak kon kom. af
dc.description.abstract Ngenkathi intshisekelo ekhulayo yethonya lokwakheka komhlaba emcabangweni wasendulo, kunakwe kancane umthelela we-karst hydrology engenazinkolelo ezinkolelweni zasendulo. Ngokukhomba izingqikithi okwabelwana ngazo, lo mqondo uqhathanisa futhi uqhathanise indlela amaHeti nabantu base-Aegean kweLate Bronze kanye ne-Early Iron Ages abuye abuye abumbe kabusha imigwaqo ye-karst yomngcele ibe yizingxenye zesikhashana zomzimba nezicatshangwe. I-Karst geology isekela kakhulu indawo yezwe i-Aegean ne-Anatolian evumela ukuthi izindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba zibonakale futhi zifinyeleleke ngaphezu komhlaba ngemigede, iziphethu, imifudlana ecwilayo, imigodi yokushona nokunye ukwakheka okungokwemvelo okungajwayelekile. Kuwo womabili amasiko izindawo ezithile eziguqukayo zazithathwa njengezindawo ezingcwele zokungena lapho onkulunkulu, amademoni, amaqhawe nabantu abafayo bengadlula phakathi kwezindawo zomhlaba. Ubufakazi bukhombisa ukuthi amaHeti nabantu base-Aegean bahumusha imidwebo emangazayo yekarst njengemikhawulo yemikhawulo nezikhala eziphakathi komhlaba wabantu nezwe lonkulunkulu. Ingxenye yokuqala iphenya izindawo eziguqukayo zomzimba ngokusebenzisa imvelo ye-karst yezindawo ezingcwele zasemakhaya. Ingxenye Yesibili ibheka ukutolikwa kokudala kunganekwane nakwizithonjana zezinto ze-karst kube izingxenye eziguqukayo zenguquko. Izibonelo ziveza indlela abantu abangamaHeti nabantu base- Aegean abawakha ngayo umqondo wabo ongcwele ngezimpawu ezingavamile ze-karst geology. Amathafa amahle we-karst ahlinzeka ngokusebenza kanye nephuzu elijwayelekile lesethenjwa lokwakhiwa kwamazwe acatshangelwe lapho abantu abafayo nabaphezulu bangaxhuma khona. zu
dc.format.extent 1 online resource (xix, 233 leaves) : illustrations (some color), maps (chiefly color), photographs (chiefly color)
dc.language.iso en en
dc.subject Zones of transition en
dc.subject Liminal en
dc.subject Metaphysical en
dc.subject Karst hydrology en
dc.subject Hattian en
dc.subject Hittite en
dc.subject Anatolia en
dc.subject Aegean en
dc.subject Greek en
dc.subject Late Bronze Age en
dc.subject Early Iron Age en
dc.subject Rural sanctuaries en
dc.subject Landscape monuments en
dc.subject Holy mountains en
dc.subject Sacred springs en
dc.subject Thermal springs en
dc.subject Sinking rivers en
dc.subject Sinkholes en
dc.subject Caves en
dc.subject Maquis en
dc.subject Marsh en
dc.subject Meadow en
dc.subject Sacred groves en
dc.subject Bee en
dc.subject Bee maiden en
dc.subject Cosmogony en
dc.subject Underworld en
dc.subject Afterlife en
dc.subject Tartarus en
dc.subject Telepinu en
dc.subject Trophonios en
dc.subject Divine Road of the Earth en
dc.subject Sun Goddess of Arinna (and the Earth) en
dc.subject Artemis en
dc.subject Hecate en
dc.subject Heracles en
dc.subject Hermes en
dc.subject Gavurkalesi en
dc.subject Mt Oeta en
dc.subject Ivriz en
dc.subject Brauron en
dc.subject Delphi en
dc.subject Sudburg en
dc.subject Lebadeia en
dc.subject.ddc 203.5093
dc.subject.lcsh Sacred space -- Aegean Sea Region en
dc.subject.lcsh Sacred space -- Turkey en
dc.subject.lcsh Greeks -- Religion en
dc.subject.lcsh Hittites -- Religion en
dc.subject.lcsh Karsts -- Aegean Sea Region en
dc.subject.lcsh Karsts -- Turkey en
dc.subject.lcsh Physical geography -- Aegean Sea Region en
dc.subject.lcsh Physical geography -- Turkey en
dc.subject.lcsh Landscapes -- Aegean Sea Region -- Religious aspects en
dc.subject.lcsh Landscapes -- Turkey -- Religious aspects en
dc.subject.lcsh Bronze age -- Aegean Sea Region en
dc.subject.lcsh Bronze age -- Turkey en
dc.subject.lcsh Iron age -- Aegean Sea Region en
dc.subject.lcsh Iron age -- Turkey en
dc.title Physical and metaphysical zones of transition : comparative themes in Hittite and Greek Karst landscapes in the Late Bronze and Early Iron ages en
dc.type Dissertation en
dc.description.department Biblical and Ancient Studies en
dc.description.degree M. A. (Ancient Near Eastern Studies)


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