Access to higher education for students with disabilities in Lesotho

Abstract

Overall, research covering access to education for students with disabilities is accumulating at a very slow rate, Lesotho is no exception. Such studies are important given the national and international commitments to equality and equity in education for all citizens. Access to education is based on four values which are central to inclusive education namely; presence, participation, acceptance and achievement. This qualitative case study must be understood as an attempt to close the gap in the literature and to provide a deeper understanding with respect to access to higher education for students with disabilities. The study uses the social constructionism and social model of disability as lenses to guide the investigation. Data collection involved various methods namely, analysis of documents (policies, internal memoranda, official letters, minutes of the meetings and pictures), individual interviews and focus group discussions with staff and students with various forms of disabilities. Data was analysed through the use of interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) which begins analysis with a single unit and builds meaning from the unit to reflect the general patterns of behaviour across units. Findings reveal that though admission at the university is considered non-discriminatory, it is on merit bases. All students compete equally for available spaces and the identity of students with disabilities is considered irrelevant to disclose during selection of applicants. If a student with disabilities competes with students who were not exposed to similar challenges at primary and secondary levels, admission should be viewed as unfair. Additionally, Students with disabilities have limited choice of courses or programmes due to poor administration of concessions, lack of educational resources, inflexible teaching methods and curricula. This problem conflicts with the capability principle that promotes students’ choice of desired functionings. Further, disability data is not used to secure either the academic or social support services for the students at the institution. Students with disabilities are excluded from the social and extracurricular activities of the university with some bullied by staff and peers alike. Finally, the support provided by SENA, year-level tutors and welfare personnel is inadequate and does not afford opportunities for students with disabilities to participate equitably in the university’s academic and social programmes. The study concludes that access to institutions of higher education for students with disabilities in Lesotho is problematic. They remained ignored and underserved. There is a need for fundamental transformation of policies, practices and programmes to afford all students opportunities to gain admission, participate, and succeed in education.