Sekere bevindings oor die positiewe en negatiewe invloed van musiek en die
funksies wat dit met betrekking tot menswees vervul, is as 'n verwysingsraamwerk
gebruik om historiese gegewens oar die konstruktiewe en destruktiewe
aanwending van musiek in hoofsaaklik Duitsland en die V.S.A. te analiseer.
Dit het aan die lig gekom dat musiek konstruktief aangewend is met betrekking
tot:
Intellektuele vorming: Intellektuele vaardighede en kennisverwerwing is deur
musiek bevorder. Die leergebeure is veraangenaam en meer effektief gemaak.
Estetiese vorming: Deur musiek is 'n estetiese waardesisteem en 'n goeie
kunssmaak ontwikkel en die wording van volwaardige, gebalanseerde individue
bevorder.
Religieuse vorming: Musiek is aangewend om religieuse denke en gewaarwordinge
uit te druk en om kennisoordrag, evangelisasie, sending en die belewing van
'n innige geloofsgemeenskap te bevorder.
Etiese vorming: Etiese waarhede is met behulp van musiek herhaal en ingeoefen.
'n "Morele atmosfeer" en die vaslegging van 'n waardesisteem is daardeur
bevorder.
Politieke vorming: Politieke gevoelens en menings is deur musiek uitgedruk om
mense te be1nvloed om bepaalde standpunte, partye, regerings of politieke
stelsels te ondersteun.
Nasionale vorming: Musiek is gebruik om patriotisme te verwoord, die kulture
van volkere te weerspieel, volksfeeste op te luister en nasionale eenheid te
bevorder.
Sosiale vorming: Musiek is aangewend as 'n bran van vermaak en ontspanning en
as 'n kommunikasiemiddel. Dit het gehelp om 'n groepsidentiteit te vestig,
'n gemeenskapsgevoel en sosialisering te bevorder en mense se gedragspatrone
te be1nvloed.
Affektiewe vorming: Deur middel van musiek is gepoog om die gevoelslewe te
orden en te veredel en om positiewe veranderinge ten opsigte van affektiewe
toestande teweeg te bring.
Fisieke vorming: Verskeie liggaamsaktiwiteite en fisieke vaardighede,
ontspanning en verfrissing is deur musiek bevorder en dit is as 'n terapie
aangewend.
Musiek is oak destruktief aangewend deurdat die Christelike kerk ondermyn,
religieuse aanbidding benadeel, die jeug se emosionele beheer, selfstandigwording
en etiese waardestelsels negatief be!nvloed, aggressiewe en opstandige
gedrag, militarisme, politieke venyn en rassehaat bevorder, beswyming
ge!nduseer, gehoorsintuie beskadig en regerings omvergewerp is.
'n Aantal aanbevelings en waarskuwings met betrekking tot die aanwending van
musiek in formele, nieformele en informele onderwys- en opvoedingsituasies het
uit die analise voortgevloei.
Certain findings concerning the positive and negative influences of music and
the functions fulfilled by it in the life-world of man were used as a
reference framework in order to analyse historical data on the constructive
and destructive applications of music in mainly Germany and the U.S.A.
It came to light that music was constructively applied with regard to:
Intellectual shaping: Music was employed to enhance various intellectual
skills, to improve the acquisition of knowledge and to render the learning
process more pleasant and effective.
Aesthetic shaping: An aesthetic value system and a good artistic taste were
developed and the shaping of complete, balanced individuals was promoted
through music.
Religious shaping: Music was employed to express religious thoughts and
perceptions and to promote close community of faith, knowledge transfer,
evangelization and missionary effort.
Ethical shaping: Ethical truths were reiterated and "practised" and a "moral
atmosphere" and a value system established through music.
Political shaping: Political feelings and opinions were expressed through
music and people were influenced to support specific viewpoints, parties,
governments or political systems.
National shaping: Music was employed to express patriotism, to reflect the
cultures of nations, to add lustre to national gatherings and to promote
national unity.
Social shaping: Music was a source of entertainment and recreation and a means
of communication. Through music the establishment of a group identity,
socialization and a communal sense were promoted and behavioural patterns
affected.
Affective shaping: Music was a means of ordering and ennobling inner life and
of facilitating positive changes in affective conditions.
Physical shaping: Relaxation, recreation, physical skills and activities were
promoted through music which was utilized as a therapy.
Music was also destructively employed by undermining the Christian church and
harming religious worship, by negatively influencing youth's emotional selfcontrol,
ethical value systems and the actualization of independence, by
furthering aggressive and rebellious behaviour, inducing trances, causing
physical damage to hearing organs and promoting militarism, political
viciousness, racial hatred and the overthrow of governments.
A number of recommendations and warnings concerning the employment of music
in formal, non-formal and informal educational situations resulted from the
analysis.
