In this paper, we demonstrate the fabrication of S-shaped micron-sized constrictions on steel (Fe3CII) surface using the femtosecond laser ablation technique. The femtosecond laser used has a wavelength of 775 nm, a power ...

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) still causes a chronic infection that affects millions of individuals worldwide. The infection remains incurable and presents a huge challenge for treatment, as it tends to disable ...