Offenders’ non-participation in a freely provided correctional educational programmes: an investigative approach

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Authors

Dlamini , Precious Hlengiwe

Issue Date

2024-04

Type

Dissertation

Language

en

Keywords

Rehabilitation programmes , Andragogy , Abraham Maslow , Gangsterism , Correctional education , Izinhlelo zokuhlunyeleliswa kwezimilo , Izigelekeqe , Imfundo yabahlunyeleliswa izimilo , Rehabilitasie programme , Andragogiek , Rampokkery , Korrektiewe opvoedkundige onderrig , SDG 4 Quality Education

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Abstract

It is a challenge to provide adult education and training programmes to offenders with diverse interests in correctional centres. Offenders have a lot of time on their hands and education has been shown to provide opportunities to occupy and develop them. Several studies have been conducted on correctional education in South Africa, focusing mainly on the successes of correctional education. This study explored offenders’ non-participation in adult education and training programmes to assist correctional services/authorities and educators in improving mechanisms and finding a way forward for developing offenders through rehabilitation programmes. A qualitative research approach with a case study design was used. The data were obtained through interviews with offenders and a qualitative questionnaire completed by correctional officials who participated in the study. Malcolm Knowles’s adult learning theory of andragogy (found to be a valuable foundation for establishing educational programmes for adult learners, including those who are jailed) and Abraham Maslow’s motivational theory (better known as Maslow’s hierarchy of needs) anchored this study. The findings revealed that the adult offenders lacked motivation and access to services for the fulfilment of basic human needs. It was also found that educators and unit managers did not orientate offenders about the programmes in which they could participate when they started to serve their sentences. Furthermore, the study found that offenders lacked a sense of belonging when they arrived in correctional centres and gangsters used this as an opportunity for recruitment. As a result of the discrepancies in the system, offenders believed that the educational programmes and curriculum were not relevant to their immediate and future needs. Due to a lack of understanding or awareness of the benefits of education, some offenders chose not to participate in educational programmes.
Dit is ‘n uitdaging om onderwys- en opleidingsprogramme aan volwasse-oortreders met uiteenlopende belangstellings in korrektiewe sentrums te verskaf. Oortreders het baie tyd en daar is bevind dat onderwys geleenthede bied om hulle besig te hou en te ontwikkel. Verskeie studies oor korrektiewe onderwys in Suid-Afrika het hoofsaaklik op die suksesse van korrektiewe onderwys gefokus. Hierdie studie het volwasse-oortreders se gebrek aan deelname aan onderwys- en opleidingsprogramme verken ten einde korrektiewe dienste/owerhede en opvoeders te help om meganismes te verbeter en die ontwikkeling van oortreders deur rehabilitasieprogramme te bevorder. ’n Kwalitatiewe navorsingsbenadering met ‘n gevallestudie-ontwerp is gebruik. Die data is ingesamel deur onderhoude met oortreders en ’n kwalitatiewe vraelys wat deur korrektiewe beamptes voltooi is wat aan die studie deelgeneem het. Malcolm Knowles se volwasseleerteorie van andragogiek (beskou as ’n waardevolle grondslag vir die daarstelling van opvoedkundige programme vir volwasse leerders, insluitend diegene wat in die tronk is), en Abraham Maslow se motiveringsteorie (beter bekend as Maslow se hiërargie van behoeftes) het die basis van hierdie studie gevorm. Die bevindinge toon dat volwasse-oortreders nie motivering en toegang gehad het tot dienste om basiese menslike behoeftes te vervul nie. Daar is ook bevind dat opvoeders en eenheidsbestuurders nie oortreders ingelig het oor die programme waaraan hulle kon deelneem wanneer hulle vonnisse begin het nie. Verder is daar bevind dat oortreders nie ’n gevoel van behoort gehad het wanneer hulle by korrektiewe sentrums aangekom het nie en dat rampokkers die geleentheid benut het om lede te werf. As gevolg van die teenstrydighede in die stelsel, was die oortreders van mening dat die opvoedkundige programme en kurrikulum nie relevant was vir hul onmiddellike en toekomstige behoeftes nie. Weens die gebrek aan begrip of bewustheid van die voordele van onderwys, het sommige oortreders besluit om nie aan opvoedkundige programme deel te neem nie.
Ukubamba iqhaza ezinhlelweni zokuqeqesha iziboshwa ezinezintshisekelo ezihlukahlukene ezikhungweni zokuhlunyeleliswa kwezimilo kuyinselelo. Iziboshwa zinesikhathi esiningi ezandleni zazo futhi kuvelile ukuthi imfundo ingasetshenziselwa ukuzihlinzeka ngamathuba okuthi zizigcine zimatasa kanye nokuthi zithuthuke. Sekwenziwe ucwaningo izikhawu eziningana ngemfundo yabahlunyeleliswa izimilo eNingizimu Afrika kugxilwe kakhulu ekutheni iyaphumelela yini noma inayo yini imiphumela. Kulolu cwaningo, kubhekwe ukuthi iziboshwa azilibambi ngani iqhaza ezinhlelweni zokuqeqesha abantu asebekhulile/abadala futhi kuhloswe ngalo ukulekelela iziphathimandla zezokuhlunyeleliswa kwezimilo kanye nothisha ukuba baphucule izindlela zokusebenza nokuthola indlela eya phambili yokuthuthukisa iziboshwa ngezinhlelo zokuhlunyeleliswa kwezimilo. Kulesi sakhiwo socwaningo, kusetshenziswe indlela yokwenza ucwaningo ngokulalela izimvo zabantu kanye nezimo asebeke badlula kuzo (ikhwalithethivu). Kwenziwe ucwaningo kusetshenziswa izinhlolovo eziyizingxoxiswano neziboshwa kanye nohlu lwemibuzo yekhwalithethivu kubasebenzi abasebenza ezikhungweni zokuhlomelelisa izimilo ababambe iqhaza ocwaningweni. Okubhaliwe ngokwendlela yokwenza ucwaningo ebizwa nge-Andragogy, okungeka-Malcolm Knowles yokufunda kwabantu abadala, kutholakale njengesisekelo esibalulekile sokusungula izinhlelo zemfundo kubafundi abadala, kuhlanganise nalabo ababoshiwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, u-Abraham Maslow, wethula inkolelo-mbono yakhe ekhuthazayo, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi isigaba sika-Maslow sezidingo. Lezi zindlela ezimbili zokwenza ucwaningo yizo ezisekele lolu cwaningo. Okutholakele kuveze ukuthi iziboshwa esezindala kazinawo umdlandla futhi zintula nendlela yokufinyelela ezidingweni zabantu eziyisisekelo. Kuphinde kwatholakala ukuthi othisha nabaphathi bama-yunithi abazifundisi iziboshwa ngezinhlelo ezingabamba iqhaza kuzo uma ziphuma enkantolo zizodonsa izigwebo zazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo luthole ukuthi iziboshwa kazinawo umuzwa wokuzithola nokuzihlonza isigaba ezingangena/ezingaphila ngaphansi kwaso uma ziqala ukufika ezikhungweni zokuhlunyeleliswa kwezimilo, yilapho-ke izigelekeqe zisebenzisa ithuba lokubahehela ezikokeleni zazo zangaphakathi. Ngenxa yalokhu kushayisana okungenhla ohlelweni, ucwaningo luthole ukuthi iziboshwa zibona ukuthi izinhlelo zemfundo nekharikhulamu okulandelwayo akuhambisani nezidingo zazo zamanje nezesikhathi esizayo. Kokutholiwe/Kokutholakele, ezinye iziboshwa zikhethe ukungabambi iqhaza ezinhlelweni zemfundo ngenxa yokungaqondisisi nokungaqwashiswa ngezinzuzo zemfundo.

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Abstracts in English, Afrikaans and Zulu

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