Etnisiteit in 'n oorgangsperiode : 'n sociaal-sielkundige studie
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Authors
Bornman, Elirea
Issue Date
1995-06
Type
Thesis
Language
en
Keywords
Ethnicity , Ethnic identity , Intergroup relations , Ethno-linguistic vitality , Relative deprivation , Intergroup contact , Intergroup attitudes , Intergroup behaviour , Social identity theory
Alternative Title
Abstract
Die studie fokus op etnisiteit gedurende die oorgang na 'n nuwe politieke bedeling
in Suid-Afrika. Op teoretiese vlak is aandag gegee aan ideologiese strominge;
dimensies van etnisiteit; die omskrywing van etnisiteit en die onderskeid tussen
etnisiteit en ander vorme van groepidentifisering. Etnisiteit is verder op sosiaalsielkundige
vlak ontleed, terwyl die invloed van ekonomiese, politieke en
staatkundige faktore verreken is. Kontekstuele faktore tydens die ondersoek wat
resultate kon be'invloed, is ook bestudeer.
Die empiriese komponent het 'n vraelysopname in die Pretoria-WitwatersrandVereeniging-
gebied (Gauteng) behels. Onderhoude is gedurende Januarie en
Februarie 1994 voltooi, aan die vooraand van 'n nuwe politieke bedeling.
Ewekansige steekproewe is getrek van 466 swartmense en 460 witmense (347
Afrikaanssprekendes en 113 Engelssprekendes). Patrone van etniese, staatkundige
en rasse-identifisering; die betekenis van etnisiteit vir die individu; persepsies van
die situasie van groepe en faktore wat etniese identifisering kon be"invloed, is
gedek. Die konstrukgeldigheid en dimensies van skale is met hoofkomponent- en
hooffaktorontledings ondersoek. Variansie-ontledings het verskille tussen groepe
ge'identifiseer, terwyl meervoudige regressie-ontledings voorspellers van etniese
identifisering uitgelig het. Belangrike bevindings is die volgende:
* Etnisiteit was 'n belangrike bron van groepidentifisering vir sowel
swartmense as witmense. 'n Sielkundige dimensie - etniese identiteit - wat verband hou met
trots op en lojaliteit teenoor die onsgroep was onderskeibaar.
Sterker etniese identifisering het by alle groepe gekorreleer met
identiteitsverwerwing; betrokkenheid by en eksplorasie ten opsigte van die
onsgroep; minder ambivalente gevoelens oor onsgroeplidmaatskap en 'n
drang om onsgroepbelange te beskerm.
Sterker etniese identifisering het by Afrikaanssprekende witmense met 'n
positiewe selfbeeld en by swartmense met 'n negatiewe selfbeeld
gekorreleer.
Laer onderwyskwalifikasies het by Afrikaanssprekende witmense met sterker
etniese identifisering gekorreleer. Die teenoorgestelde het gegeld vir
Afrikaanssprekendes met hoer onderwyskwalifikasies.
Persepsies van bedreiging het by Afrikaanssprekende witmense met sterker
etniese identifisering verband gehou.
Sterker etniese identifisering het by alle groepe 6f met negatiewe
tussengroepgedrag 6f met negatiewe tussengroephoudings gekorreleer.
Die gevolgtrekking word gemaak dat op alle terreine rekening gehou moet word met
die etniese heterogeniteit van die Suid-Afrikaanse samelewing.
The study focuses on ethnicity during the transition to a new political dispensation in South Africa. At the theoretical level, attention was given to ideological trends; dimensions of ethnicity; the description of ethnicity and the distinction between ethnicity and other forms of group identification. Ethnicity was furthermore analyzed at the socio-psychological level, while the influence of economic, political and constitutional factors was also considered. Contextual factors during the investigation which could have influenced the results were also analyzed. The empirical component comprised a questionnaire survey in the PretoriaWitwatersrand- Vereeniging area (Gauteng). Interviews were conducted during January and February 1994, on the eve of a new political dispensation. Randomly selected samples were drawn of 466 blacks and 460 whites (347 Afrikaansspeaking and 113 English-speaking). Patterns of ethnic, national and race identification; the meaning of ethnicity for the individual; perceptions of the situation of groups and factors that could influence ethnic identification were covered. The construct validity and dimensions of scales were investigated by means of main component and main factor analyses. Variance analyses identified differences between groups, whereas multiple regression analyses were used to determine predictors of ethnic identification. Important findings were the following: * Ethnicity was an important source of group identification for blacks as well as whites. A psychological dimension - ethnic identity - that related to pride in and loyalty to the ingro11p was highlighted. Stronger ethnic identification correlated among all groups with identity formation; involvement with and exploration regarding the ingroup; less ambivalent feelings about ingroup membership and an urge to protect ingroup interests. Stronger ethnic identification correlated among the Afrikaans-speaking whites with a positive self-image and among the blacks with a negative selfimage. Lower educational qualifications correlated among Afrikaans-speaking whites with stronger ethnic identification. The opposite applied to Afrikaansspeaking whites with higher educational qualifications. Perceived threats were associated with stronger ethnic identification among Afrikaans-speaking whites. Stronger ethnic identification correlated among all groups either with negative intergroup behaviour or with negative intergroup attitudes. It is concluded that ethnic heterogeneity should be taken into account in all spheres of the South African society.
The study focuses on ethnicity during the transition to a new political dispensation in South Africa. At the theoretical level, attention was given to ideological trends; dimensions of ethnicity; the description of ethnicity and the distinction between ethnicity and other forms of group identification. Ethnicity was furthermore analyzed at the socio-psychological level, while the influence of economic, political and constitutional factors was also considered. Contextual factors during the investigation which could have influenced the results were also analyzed. The empirical component comprised a questionnaire survey in the PretoriaWitwatersrand- Vereeniging area (Gauteng). Interviews were conducted during January and February 1994, on the eve of a new political dispensation. Randomly selected samples were drawn of 466 blacks and 460 whites (347 Afrikaansspeaking and 113 English-speaking). Patterns of ethnic, national and race identification; the meaning of ethnicity for the individual; perceptions of the situation of groups and factors that could influence ethnic identification were covered. The construct validity and dimensions of scales were investigated by means of main component and main factor analyses. Variance analyses identified differences between groups, whereas multiple regression analyses were used to determine predictors of ethnic identification. Important findings were the following: * Ethnicity was an important source of group identification for blacks as well as whites. A psychological dimension - ethnic identity - that related to pride in and loyalty to the ingro11p was highlighted. Stronger ethnic identification correlated among all groups with identity formation; involvement with and exploration regarding the ingroup; less ambivalent feelings about ingroup membership and an urge to protect ingroup interests. Stronger ethnic identification correlated among the Afrikaans-speaking whites with a positive self-image and among the blacks with a negative selfimage. Lower educational qualifications correlated among Afrikaans-speaking whites with stronger ethnic identification. The opposite applied to Afrikaansspeaking whites with higher educational qualifications. Perceived threats were associated with stronger ethnic identification among Afrikaans-speaking whites. Stronger ethnic identification correlated among all groups either with negative intergroup behaviour or with negative intergroup attitudes. It is concluded that ethnic heterogeneity should be taken into account in all spheres of the South African society.
Description
Citation
Bornman, Elirea (1995) Etnisiteit in 'n oorgangsperiode : 'n sociaal-sielkundige studie, University of South Africa, Pretoria, <http://hdl.handle.net/10500/15558>