A victimological analysis of robbery at residential premises in South Africa
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Authors
Kader, Sarika
Issue Date
2025-10
Type
Thesis
Language
en
Keywords
Criminology , Fear of crime , House robbery , Impact of violent crime , Narrative victimology , Robbery at residential premises , Victimology , Victim studies , Violent crime , Uwaphulomthetho nezaphulimthetho , Uloyiko lolwaphulomthetho , Ukuqhekezwa kwezindlu , Ifuthe lolwaphulomthetho olunobundlobongela , Amava amaxhoba , Ukuqhekezwa kweendawo zokuhlala , Izifundo zeziphumo nefuthe lolwaphulomthetho kumaxhoba , Izifundo zokuba lixhoba , Ulwaphulomthetho olunobundlobongela , Thutabosenyi , Poifo ya bosenyi , Bohodu bja ka mapeng , Khuetšo ya bosenyi bja dikgaruru , Kanegelo ya botšwasehlabelo , Bohodu mafelong a bodulo , Botšwasehlabelo , Dithuto tša motšwasehlabelo , Bosenyi bja dikgaruru
Alternative Title
Abstract
This study aimed to explore, describe and analyse robbery at residential properties in South Africa from a victimological perspective, with a focus on the experiences of direct and indirect victims. The research was motivated by the high rates of residential robbery in this country, and the limited victimological exploration of this phenomenon. The study was designed to provide a holistic understanding of the nature of the crime, its impact on victims, and public perceptions of fear and prevention strategies. A mixed-methods research approach was adopted, combining qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative segment involved narrative interviews with 21 direct victims of house robbery, exploring the personal and emotional impact of these crimes. The quantitative segment included data from a web-based (cross-sectional, descriptive, self-administered) survey, distributed to South African residents via social media platforms (WhatsApp, Facebook, Reddit and email), to capture broader patterns of fear, indirect victimisation and preventative behaviours. A total of 302 survey responses were received. The qualitative data analysis was conducted using ATLAS.ti (v. 24), which facilitated the identification of themes and sub-themes related to the nature of house robbery, fear thereof, as well as its impact on direct victims, their coping mechanisms, and the relationship between residential security and house robbery in South Africa. The quantitative data were analysed using SPSS to identify statistical correlations between fear, indirect victimisation and the security measures the residents employed. As the findings of the qualitative analysis revealed, house robbery has profound psychological and social consequences. Themes of trauma, fear, and resilience emerged as key factors influencing victims’ coping strategies. The quantitative results highlighted significant patterns of fear and precautionary behaviour, as well as correlations between heightened fear and the increased use of security measures. The study also identified the need for targeted victim support services and improved crime prevention strategies to mitigate the impact of residential robbery. By synthesising these insights, this study contributes to the victimological field, offering a comprehensive framework that informs policy, practice, and future research aimed at reducing victimisation and promoting recovery for victims of house robbery in South Africa.
Olu phandolwazi belujolise ekuphononongeni, ekuchazeni nasekuhlalutyeni ukuqhekezwa kwezindlu eMzantsi Afrika ngokwengcamango yamaxhoba, kugxilwe kumava amaxhoba athe achatshazelwa lolu hlobo lolwaphulomthetho ngokuthe ngqo nangokungathanga ngqo. Olu phandolwazi lukhuthazwe ngamaqondo aphezulu okuqhekezwa kwezindlu kweli lizwe, kunye nokunqongophala kokuphononongwa kwamava amaxhoba kwesi siganeko. Uphandolwazi lwenzelwe ukunika ukuqonda okupheleleyo kobume bolwaphulomthetho, ifuthe labo kumaxhoba, nezimvo zoluntu ngoloyiko kunye neendlela zokuthintela. Kusetyenziswe iindlela ezixubileyo zokwenza uphando, kudityaniswa iindlela zophandontyilazwi nezolweenkcukachamanani. Icandelo lophandontyilazwi libandakanya udliwanondlebe olubalisayo kunye namaxhoba angama21 athe achatshazelwa ngokuthe ngqo ngokuqhekezelwa izindlwini, kuphononongwa ifuthe lobuqu neleemvakalelo lolu lwaphulomthetho. Icandelo lophando lweenkcukachamanani libandakanya idatha evela kuphando olusekelwe kwiwebhu (olunxazonke, oluchazayo, oluzilawulayo), oluthe lahanjiswa kubemi boMzantsi Afrika kusetyenziswa amajelo onxibelelwano loluntu (uWhatsApp, uFacebook, uReddit kunye neimeyile), ukufumana iindlela ezibanzi zoloyiko, ukuxhatshazwa ngokungathanga ngqo kunye neendlela zothintelo. Lilonke, kufunyenwe iimpendulo zophando ezingama302. Uhlalutyo lwedatha yophandontyilazwi lwenziwe kusetyenziswa iATLAS.ti (v. 24), ethe yaququzelela ukuchongwa kwemixholo nemixholwana enxulumene nobume bokuqhekezwa kwezindlu, uloyiko, kunye nefuthe lako kumaxhoba, iindlela zabo zokuhlangabezana nokuqhekezelwa, kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kokhuseleko lweendawo zokuhlala kunye nokuqhekezwa kwezindlu eMzantsi Afrika. Idatha yeenkcukachamanani ihlalutywe kusetyenziswa iSPSS ukuchonga unxulumano lweenkcukachamanani phakathi koloyiko, ukuba lixhoba ngokungathanga ngqo kunye nemilinganiselo yokhuseleko esetyenziswa ngabemi okanye abahlali. Nanjengoko iziphumo zohlalutyo lophandontyilazwi zibonisile, ukuqhekezwa kwezindlu kuneziphumo ezinzulu engqondweni nakwezentlalo. Imixholo yokungxwelerheka, uloyiko, kunye nokomelela iye yavela nanjengeyona miba iphambili ephembelela iindlela zokumelana nolu lwaphulomthetho kwamaxhoba. Iziphumo zeenkcukachamanani zibonise iindlela eziphawulekayo zoloyiko nendlela yokuphila ngokulumkileyo, nokuhambelana phakathi koloyiko oluphezulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwendlela egqithisileyo kwamanyathelo okhuseleko. Olu phandolwazi lukwachonge imfuneko yeenkonzo ezichongiweyo zokuxhasa amaxhoba kunye nokuphuculwa kwezicwangcisoqhinga zokuthintela ulwaphulomthetho ukunciphisa ifuthe lokuqhekezwa kwezindlu. Ngokuvelisa olu lwazi, olu phandolwazi lunegalelo kwinkalo yamaxhoba, lubonelela ngesikhokelo esibanzi esinganceda kumgaqonkqubo, kumsebenzi wale nkalo, kunye nophandolwazi lwexesha elizayo olujolise ekunciphiseni ukwenziwa amaxhoba kunye nokukhuthaza nokuphila kwamaxhoba athe aqhekezelwa izindlu eMzantsi Afrika.
Maikemišetšo a nyakišišo ye e be e le go nyakišiša, go hlaloša le go sekaseka bohodu bja ka malapeng ka Afrika Borwa go tšwa go pono ya botšwasehlabelo, ka nepo ya maitemogelo a batšwasehlabelo ba go lebanywa thwii le ba go se lebanywe thwii. Dinyakišišo di hlohleleditšwe ke dipalo tša godimo tša bohodu bja ka malapeng ka nageng ye, le nyakišišo ya botšwasehlabelo ye e nago le magomo a tiragalo ye. Nyakišišo e be e hlametšwe go fa kwešišo ye e feletšego ya mohuta wa bosenyi, khuetšo ya bjona go batšwasehlabelo, le dikgopolo tša setšhaba ka ga poifo le maano a thibelo. Go šomišitšwe mokgwa wa nyakišišo wa mekgwa ye e kopantšwego, go kopanya mekgwa ya khwanthithethifi le khwalithethifi. Karolo ya khwalithethifi e be e akaretša dipoledišano tša kanegelo le batšwasehlabelo ba mannete ba 21 ba bohodu bja ka malapeng, go nyakišiša khuetšo ya motho le ya maikutlo ya bosenyi bjo. Karolo ya khwanthithethifi e akareditše datha go tšwa go sabeyi ye e theilwego godimo ga wepe (ye e selaganyago, hlalošago, itaolago), yeo e abetšwego badudi ba Afrika Borwa ka diforamo tša ditaba tša leago (WhatsApp, Facebook, Reddit le imeile), go swara mekgwa ye e nabilego ya poifo, tlaišo ka tsela ye e sa lebanyego le maitshwaro a thibelo. Ka kakaretšo, go amogetšwe dikarabo tše 302 tša nyakišišo. Tshekatsheko ya datha ya khwalithethifi e dirilwe ka go šomiša ATLAS.ti (v. 24), yeo e nolofaditšego tlhaolo ya morero le merero tše nnyane tšeo di amanago le mohuta wa bohodu bja ka malapeng, poifo ya tšona, gammogo le khuetšo ya yona go batšwasehlabelo ba go lebanywa thwii, mekgwa ya bona ya go lebeletšana le maemo, le kamano gare ga tšhireletšo ya dintlo le bohodu bja ka malapeng ka Afrika Borwa. Datha ya khwanthithethifi di sekasekilwe ka go šomiša SPSS go šupa ditswalano tša dipalopalo gare ga poifo, tlaišo ye e sa lebanyego thwii le magato a tšhireletšo ao badudi ba a šomišitšego. Bjalo ka ge dikutullo tša tshekatsheko ya khwalithethifi di utollotše, bohodu bja ka malapeng bo na le ditlamorago tše di tseneletšego tša monagano le tša leago. Merero ya masetlapelo, poifo le go kgotlelela di tšweletše e le mabaka a bohlokwa ao a hlohleletšago maano a go lebeletšana le boemo bja batšwasehlabelo. Dipoelo tša khwanthithethifi di laeditše dipaterone tše bohlokwa tša poifo le boitshwaro bja tšhireletšo, gammogo le dikamano gare ga poifo ye e phagamego le tšhomišo ye e oketšegilego ya magato a tšhireletšo. Nyakišišo gape e lemogile tlhokego ya ditirelo tša thekgo ya batšwasehlabelo tšeo di nepišitšwego le maano a thibelo ya bosenyi ao a kaonafetšego go fokotša khuetšo ya bohodu bja ka malapeng. Ka go kopanya dikgopolo tše, nyakišišo ye e tsenya letsogo lefapheng la botšwabohlaselo, go fa foreimiweke ye e feletšego yeo e tsebagatšago pholisi, mokgwa, le dinyakišišo tša ka moso tšeo di lebišitšwego phokotšong ya botšwasehlabelo le tšwetšopeleng ya pholo ya batšwasehlabelo ba bohodu bja ka malapeng ka Afrika Borwa.
Olu phandolwazi belujolise ekuphononongeni, ekuchazeni nasekuhlalutyeni ukuqhekezwa kwezindlu eMzantsi Afrika ngokwengcamango yamaxhoba, kugxilwe kumava amaxhoba athe achatshazelwa lolu hlobo lolwaphulomthetho ngokuthe ngqo nangokungathanga ngqo. Olu phandolwazi lukhuthazwe ngamaqondo aphezulu okuqhekezwa kwezindlu kweli lizwe, kunye nokunqongophala kokuphononongwa kwamava amaxhoba kwesi siganeko. Uphandolwazi lwenzelwe ukunika ukuqonda okupheleleyo kobume bolwaphulomthetho, ifuthe labo kumaxhoba, nezimvo zoluntu ngoloyiko kunye neendlela zokuthintela. Kusetyenziswe iindlela ezixubileyo zokwenza uphando, kudityaniswa iindlela zophandontyilazwi nezolweenkcukachamanani. Icandelo lophandontyilazwi libandakanya udliwanondlebe olubalisayo kunye namaxhoba angama21 athe achatshazelwa ngokuthe ngqo ngokuqhekezelwa izindlwini, kuphononongwa ifuthe lobuqu neleemvakalelo lolu lwaphulomthetho. Icandelo lophando lweenkcukachamanani libandakanya idatha evela kuphando olusekelwe kwiwebhu (olunxazonke, oluchazayo, oluzilawulayo), oluthe lahanjiswa kubemi boMzantsi Afrika kusetyenziswa amajelo onxibelelwano loluntu (uWhatsApp, uFacebook, uReddit kunye neimeyile), ukufumana iindlela ezibanzi zoloyiko, ukuxhatshazwa ngokungathanga ngqo kunye neendlela zothintelo. Lilonke, kufunyenwe iimpendulo zophando ezingama302. Uhlalutyo lwedatha yophandontyilazwi lwenziwe kusetyenziswa iATLAS.ti (v. 24), ethe yaququzelela ukuchongwa kwemixholo nemixholwana enxulumene nobume bokuqhekezwa kwezindlu, uloyiko, kunye nefuthe lako kumaxhoba, iindlela zabo zokuhlangabezana nokuqhekezelwa, kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kokhuseleko lweendawo zokuhlala kunye nokuqhekezwa kwezindlu eMzantsi Afrika. Idatha yeenkcukachamanani ihlalutywe kusetyenziswa iSPSS ukuchonga unxulumano lweenkcukachamanani phakathi koloyiko, ukuba lixhoba ngokungathanga ngqo kunye nemilinganiselo yokhuseleko esetyenziswa ngabemi okanye abahlali. Nanjengoko iziphumo zohlalutyo lophandontyilazwi zibonisile, ukuqhekezwa kwezindlu kuneziphumo ezinzulu engqondweni nakwezentlalo. Imixholo yokungxwelerheka, uloyiko, kunye nokomelela iye yavela nanjengeyona miba iphambili ephembelela iindlela zokumelana nolu lwaphulomthetho kwamaxhoba. Iziphumo zeenkcukachamanani zibonise iindlela eziphawulekayo zoloyiko nendlela yokuphila ngokulumkileyo, nokuhambelana phakathi koloyiko oluphezulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwendlela egqithisileyo kwamanyathelo okhuseleko. Olu phandolwazi lukwachonge imfuneko yeenkonzo ezichongiweyo zokuxhasa amaxhoba kunye nokuphuculwa kwezicwangcisoqhinga zokuthintela ulwaphulomthetho ukunciphisa ifuthe lokuqhekezwa kwezindlu. Ngokuvelisa olu lwazi, olu phandolwazi lunegalelo kwinkalo yamaxhoba, lubonelela ngesikhokelo esibanzi esinganceda kumgaqonkqubo, kumsebenzi wale nkalo, kunye nophandolwazi lwexesha elizayo olujolise ekunciphiseni ukwenziwa amaxhoba kunye nokukhuthaza nokuphila kwamaxhoba athe aqhekezelwa izindlu eMzantsi Afrika.
Maikemišetšo a nyakišišo ye e be e le go nyakišiša, go hlaloša le go sekaseka bohodu bja ka malapeng ka Afrika Borwa go tšwa go pono ya botšwasehlabelo, ka nepo ya maitemogelo a batšwasehlabelo ba go lebanywa thwii le ba go se lebanywe thwii. Dinyakišišo di hlohleleditšwe ke dipalo tša godimo tša bohodu bja ka malapeng ka nageng ye, le nyakišišo ya botšwasehlabelo ye e nago le magomo a tiragalo ye. Nyakišišo e be e hlametšwe go fa kwešišo ye e feletšego ya mohuta wa bosenyi, khuetšo ya bjona go batšwasehlabelo, le dikgopolo tša setšhaba ka ga poifo le maano a thibelo. Go šomišitšwe mokgwa wa nyakišišo wa mekgwa ye e kopantšwego, go kopanya mekgwa ya khwanthithethifi le khwalithethifi. Karolo ya khwalithethifi e be e akaretša dipoledišano tša kanegelo le batšwasehlabelo ba mannete ba 21 ba bohodu bja ka malapeng, go nyakišiša khuetšo ya motho le ya maikutlo ya bosenyi bjo. Karolo ya khwanthithethifi e akareditše datha go tšwa go sabeyi ye e theilwego godimo ga wepe (ye e selaganyago, hlalošago, itaolago), yeo e abetšwego badudi ba Afrika Borwa ka diforamo tša ditaba tša leago (WhatsApp, Facebook, Reddit le imeile), go swara mekgwa ye e nabilego ya poifo, tlaišo ka tsela ye e sa lebanyego le maitshwaro a thibelo. Ka kakaretšo, go amogetšwe dikarabo tše 302 tša nyakišišo. Tshekatsheko ya datha ya khwalithethifi e dirilwe ka go šomiša ATLAS.ti (v. 24), yeo e nolofaditšego tlhaolo ya morero le merero tše nnyane tšeo di amanago le mohuta wa bohodu bja ka malapeng, poifo ya tšona, gammogo le khuetšo ya yona go batšwasehlabelo ba go lebanywa thwii, mekgwa ya bona ya go lebeletšana le maemo, le kamano gare ga tšhireletšo ya dintlo le bohodu bja ka malapeng ka Afrika Borwa. Datha ya khwanthithethifi di sekasekilwe ka go šomiša SPSS go šupa ditswalano tša dipalopalo gare ga poifo, tlaišo ye e sa lebanyego thwii le magato a tšhireletšo ao badudi ba a šomišitšego. Bjalo ka ge dikutullo tša tshekatsheko ya khwalithethifi di utollotše, bohodu bja ka malapeng bo na le ditlamorago tše di tseneletšego tša monagano le tša leago. Merero ya masetlapelo, poifo le go kgotlelela di tšweletše e le mabaka a bohlokwa ao a hlohleletšago maano a go lebeletšana le boemo bja batšwasehlabelo. Dipoelo tša khwanthithethifi di laeditše dipaterone tše bohlokwa tša poifo le boitshwaro bja tšhireletšo, gammogo le dikamano gare ga poifo ye e phagamego le tšhomišo ye e oketšegilego ya magato a tšhireletšo. Nyakišišo gape e lemogile tlhokego ya ditirelo tša thekgo ya batšwasehlabelo tšeo di nepišitšwego le maano a thibelo ya bosenyi ao a kaonafetšego go fokotša khuetšo ya bohodu bja ka malapeng. Ka go kopanya dikgopolo tše, nyakišišo ye e tsenya letsogo lefapheng la botšwabohlaselo, go fa foreimiweke ye e feletšego yeo e tsebagatšago pholisi, mokgwa, le dinyakišišo tša ka moso tšeo di lebišitšwego phokotšong ya botšwasehlabelo le tšwetšopeleng ya pholo ya batšwasehlabelo ba bohodu bja ka malapeng ka Afrika Borwa.
Description
Abstracts in English, Xhosa and Northern Sotho