Quality materials science education for sustainable development through distance learning : the case for Zimbabwe and Nigeria

Abstract

Zimbabwe is rich in human capital and natural resources, and is poised to achieve sustainable growth and development mainly through human capital development. This paper explores the use of open and distance learning (ODL) in materials science education. The main objectives of the research are to: • identify and assess the main regulatory frameworks that apply to distance and online education in Nigeria and Zimbabwe • ascertain the feasibility of offering materials science education programmes through open and distance learning (ODL) The methodology involved mainly a qualitative case study focusing on Nigeria and Zimbabwe. The two countries were purposively sampled to represent two distinct types of policy and regulatory environments. Data collection comprised literature and document review, administration of questionnaires, and field visits to conduct interviews with relevant ministries, regulatory agencies and selected universities. Data collection instruments used were questionnaires and interview schedules. In 2009, Nigeria had a population of about 154 729 000, with 51.7% being situated in rural areas and 48.3% in urban areas. The population density was 167.5 people per square kilometre. The National Universities Commission (NUC) regulates a total of 117 universities countrywide and provides accreditation at institutional, programme and course levels. Quality assurance is monitored to promote standards and ensure that minimum academic standards are met. The National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN) is currently the only uni-mode university mandated for open and distance learning (ODL) in the delivery of university education. There are about six universities which may be regarded as dual-mode universities with limited capacity to deliver degree programmes by the ODL mode in addition to the conventional face-to-face mode. NUC has one of the best regulatory frameworks in the world for promoting quality ODL programmes. The lessons learnt from Nigeria can be adapted and applied to Zimbabwe and the Zimbabwe Open University (ZOU) in the offering of degree programmes for materials science and courses in nanotechnology, through ODL and e-learning.