Using Theory to Understand and Reduce the High Rates of Sexual Violence in South Africa

Abstract

South Africa has among the highest rates of sexual violence in the world and this is despite having the most inclusive legislative framework protecting women’s rights. This paper will look at why legal development alone is very limiting in comprehensively dealing with sexual offences. There are far too many hurdles to overcome in combatting sexual violence, including, but not limited to, patriarchy, customs and social norms and apartheid. Through a literature analysis this paper will look at several learning theories to better understand the high prevalence of rape in SA. It analyses the causes and responses to sexual violence. By examining rape not as a matter of sexuality, but rather as an expression of certain ‘other factors it may help provide a clearer understanding of the high prevalence of rape. Some theories that have been adapted to attempt an understanding of this issue include the social learning theory, the feminist theory and the social norms theory. Since these theories can successfully be used to identify the root causes of rape it will have the concomitant effect of affecting the most appropriate prevention and treatment programmes for victims and perpetrators of sexual violence. In reinforcing sexual violence against women as both a legal and a societal problem, the critical links between the law, public policy and service provision can be determined. This article will provide recommendations in changing attitudes, beliefs and to improve services to victims of sexual violence