2024-03-29T12:52:03Zhttps://uir.unisa.ac.za/oai/requestoai:uir.unisa.ac.za:10500/258272020-03-18T12:41:01Zcom_10500_37com_10500_25com_10500_3752col_10500_18218col_10500_3753
Effect of HIV/AIDS on fertility: historical evidence from South Africa’s women educators
Udjo, Eric O
HIV/AIDS
fertility
educators
Pregnancy status
South Africa
Context/Background: The HIV/AIDS epidemic remains a public health challenge. Globally, South Africa ranks second in HIV prevalence and has the second lowest fertility rate in sub-Saharan Africa. The effect of HIV/AIDS on fertility is contentious, although it is often assumed in population projections that HIV/AIDS reduces fertility. This study examines the effect of HIV/AIDS on the probability of getting pregnant among South Africa’s educators controlling for confounders.
Data Source and Methods: The data consisted of a representative sample of educators in public schools in South Africa in 2004. Statistical analysis utilized multivariate logistic regression.
Results: Controlling for confounders, HIV positive women educators aged 18-34 had higher odds of being pregnant in the preceding 12 months compared with HIV negative women educators in the same age group.
Conclusion: There was no evidence from this study that HIV positive women were less likely to be pregnant than HIV negative women.
2019-10-08T11:37:38Z
2019-10-08T11:37:38Z
2019-10-08T11:37:38Z
2018-10
Article
Udjo, Eric O (2018) Effect of HIV/AIDS on fertility: historical evidence from South Africa’s women educators. African Population Studies 32(2)
2308-7854
https://doi.org/10.11564/32-2-1205
http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25827
en
African population studies
https://doi.org/10.11564/32-2-1205
oai:uir.unisa.ac.za:10500/153552020-03-12T09:29:34Zcom_10500_37com_10500_25com_10500_3752col_10500_18218col_10500_3753
A targeted approach to informal business development: The entrepreneurial route
Ligthelm, A.A.
The present paper maintains that initiatives to promote and support small businesses need to focus on those with growth potential rather than on the small business sector as a whole, and that the human factor, especially entrepreneurial intentions and behaviour, is the overwhelming force in small business success. Empirical evidence shows that many entrepreneurs setting up businesses in the informal economy of South Africa have little business acumen. The majority of informal businesses operate as survivalist entities with limited development and growth potential. The paper suggests that only between 10 and 15 per cent of informal entrepreneurs have sufficient business skills to expand and develop their businesses. These should be the focus of policy initiatives. Separate collective support measures should be designed to make the business environment more hospitable to low-potential informal businesses.
2015-01-12T09:56:48Z
2015-01-12T09:56:48Z
2015-01-12T09:56:48Z
2008
Article
Ligthelm AA. (2008). A targeted approach to informal business development: The entrepreneurial route. Development Southern Africa
Volume 25, 2008 - Issue 4
http://hdl.handle.net/10500/15355
https://doi.org/10.1080/03768350802316138
oai:uir.unisa.ac.za:10500/209742018-01-31T08:54:28Zcom_10500_37com_10500_25com_10500_3752com_10500_2734col_10500_18218col_10500_3753col_10500_2814
Impact of Retirement Age Policy on the Workforce of a Higher Institution in South Africa.
Udjo, Eric O
Erasmus, B.J.
Retirement Age Policy, Higher Education, Sub-Saharan Africa, South Africa; Universities; Laborp policy; Labour policy; Employment policy;Labor attrition; Labour turnover; Population aging; Academic retirement
Several key sectors including higher education institutions have a skills
shortage in South Africa. Combined with aging of its workforce, higher
education institutions may find it increasingly difficult to maintain
adequate numbers of skilled and experienced employees to fulfill their
core functions. This study assesses the impact of mandatory retirement
age on the workforce of a higher education institution in South Africa.
The data were obtained from the Human Resources of the higher education institution and using an estimation model. The results indicate that a mandatory retirement age of 60 years has a negative impact on the future size of permanent academic staff in the
short-to-medium term. However, a mandatory retirement age of 65 years or even higher has positive impact on the number of permanent academic staff in the institution
2016-07-08T13:01:31Z
2016-07-08T13:01:31Z
2016-07-08T13:01:31Z
2014
Article
Udjo, E.D. Erasmus, B.J., 2014. Impact of Retirement Age Policy on the Workforce of a Higher Institution in South Africa. Politics and policy. Vol 42(5)
1747-1346
http://hdl.handle.net/10500/20974
en
Wiley
oai:uir.unisa.ac.za:10500/123222020-03-12T09:39:27Zcom_10500_37com_10500_25com_10500_3752col_10500_18218col_10500_3753
The viability of informal micro businesses in South Africa: a longitudinal analysis (2007-2011)
Ligthelm, A.A.
A five year longitudinal study (2007 to 2011) was conducted among a panel of informal micro
businesses in the informal sector of South Africa. The study was aimed at examining micro business
survival and attrition. A life-cycle analysis confirmed the survival of only 43.2% of these businesses in
an increasing competitive environment over a period of five years. By contrasting the profiles of
surviving businesses with those that closed their doors, a second objective was also attained, namely
the identification of principle reasons for micro business survival. According to a categorical
regression model with business survival as dependent variable, the human factor and, especially the
entrepreneurial endowment and small business management skills materialised as the strongest
predictors of micro business sustainability. Micro business support strategies, especially in developing
societies with limited resources, should be focused on businesses with embedded entrepreneurial
acumen. Hence the inherent dynamics to create and exploit new innovative business opportunities.
2013-11-27T12:18:31Z
2013-11-27T12:18:31Z
2013-11-27T12:18:31Z
2012
Ligthelm AA. (2012) The viability of informal micro businesses in South Africa: a longitudinal analysis (2007-2011). African Journal of Business Management 6(46)
1993-8233
http://hdl.handle.net/10500/12322
DOI: 10.5897/AJBM12.438
oai:uir.unisa.ac.za:10500/153612020-03-12T09:19:43Zcom_10500_37com_10500_25com_10500_3752col_10500_18218col_10500_3753
The impact of shopping mall development on small township retailers
Ligthelm, A.A.
The retail sector forms a critical element of a community’s economic and social welfare. It provides
people with choices and services. These choices were until recently very limited in township areas.
The pre-1994 retail landscape was dominated by small, often informal businesses offering basic
household necessities to relatively low income earners. This has resulted in township residents’
preference to shop outside townships, known as ‘outshopping’.
Rapid income growth of township residents since 1994 resulted in a substantial increase in
consumer expenditure in these areas, known as ‘in-bound shopping’. This lucrative emerging
market forms the last retail frontier in South Africa and is being explored by national retailers,
especially supermarket chains. This article is aimed at establishing the impact of shopping mall
development in townships on the traditional small township retailers including spaza/tuck shops.
The net balance sheet on the impact of shopping mall development on small township retailers
clearly suggests a decline in the township retailers’ market share. A change in small business model
towards, inter alia, effective customer service with a small dedicated assortment of merchandise,
satisfaction of emergency needs, selling in small units and extension of credit facilities may result
in the survival of some small township retailers (albeit often at a smaller turnover).
2015-01-12T09:56:49Z
2015-01-12T09:56:49Z
2015-01-12T09:56:49Z
2008
Article
Ligthelm AA. (2008). The impact of shopping mall development on small township retailers. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCES.
http://hdl.handle.net/10500/15361