Abstract:
Underpinned by the premise that any text can be studied as a translation provided it is identified
as such, this study theoretically uses Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS) to investigate
English-Swahili healthcare texts. The aim of the study was to: identify, describe and analyse
linguistic and cultural aspects in the texts; identify, describe, and analyse translation strategies
used in the texts; and describe and analyse the use of illustrations in the texts. The study made
use of Kruger and Wallmach’s (1997) analytical framework. The Tertium Comparationis of
the study was descriptive terms, cohesive devices, translation strategies, division of texts,
illustrations, text titles, and taboo words. On the linguistic aspects, the study’s main findings
were: that the English texts use more descriptive terms than the Swahili texts; Swahili texts
have a higher frequency use of references because it contains a number of derivational and
inflectional morphemes; substitution is sparingly used whereas ellipsis is almost non-existent
in Swahili texts in spite of its presence in the source texts; additive and causal conjunctions
were the most prevalent in the texts; and inasmuch as there were no significant differences in
the use of lexical cohesion in the ST and TT, Swahili texts were found to be more cohesive due
to the slightly higher number of lexical items. Regarding the cultural aspects, it was found that
translators use euphemism in the translation of words considered taboo and this informed the
conclusion that there reigns the euphemism norm in Swahili texts. It equally emerged that
strategies used to overcome non-lexicalisation include: use of pure loan words, use of pure loan
words preceded by explanation, use of indigenised loan words, use of omission and translation
by a more general word. On the other hand, translators used strategies of substitution, use of
general words, paraphrasing and cultural substitution to translate words considered taboo. In
addition, the study found that illustrations are used in more less the same way both in the ST
and TT save for some slight modifications that are done in order to align them with the target
culture expectations. Furthermore, the study theoretically effectuated four norms: explicitation
norm, explicitness norm, euphemism norm, and illustration norm
