Three Different, but Related, Mind-sets to Constitute a Paradigm for Coping in Times of Distress

Abstract

Life is characterised by multiple forms of both suffering and happiness. How one experiences this dichotomy depends on one’s choice of attitude, decision in that regard, and subsequent stance. The mind can be the greatest enemy in the case of someone in distress. However, it can also be the greatest therapeutic friend in the case of a person seeking to overcome distress. Sorrow can either feed that enemy or foster that friendship. The objective of the research reported on is to explore means of coping imaginatively during times of distress. In it I have combined three approaches that are closely related, but come from three totally different areas. The first approach comes from the sphere of counselling, and explores an aspect of the logotherapy of Victor Frankl. For Frankl, the human capacity for self-transcendence constitutes the basis of being human: through it humans express themselves and find fulfilment. The second approach comes from the sphere of theology, and relates to the guidance offered by the apostle Paul to the community in Philippi (Phil. 4:4–9). Paul advises his readers to seek joy and peace during times of distress by thinking about honourable and pleasing things. The final approach comes from the sphere of literature. It focuses on how "narrative fantasies" create virtual spaces and virtual realities in which to escape distress for as long as the fantasy exists. Whereas for Frankl the aim is to find meaning in life, and for Paul it is to find peace and joy in life, in narrative fantasies the aim is to experience excitement, pleasure, and enjoyment. These three approaches complement one another, for all three rely on the imagination.